Location: INDIA

Republic of India- Bharat- Hindostahan

This overview provides a detailed understanding of India’s diverse and multifaceted identity, encapsulating its history, geography, economy, and cultural richness.

India is a country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. It is a constitutional republic consisting of 29 states, each with a substantial degree of control over its affairs; 6 less fully empowered union territories; and the Delhi national capital territory, which includes New Delhi, India’s capital. With roughly one-sixth of the world’s total population, India is the second most-populous country, after China.
It is known from archaeological evidence that a highly sophisticated urbanized culture—the Indus civilization—dominated the northwestern part of the subcontinent from about 2600 to 2000 BCE. From that period on, India functioned as a virtually self-contained political and cultural arena, which gave rise to a distinctive tradition that was associated primarily with Hinduism, the roots of which can largely be traced to the Indus civilization. Other religions, notably Buddhism and Jainism, originated in India—although their presence there is now quite small—and throughout the centuries residents of the subcontinent developed a rich intellectual life in such fields as mathematics, astronomy, architecture, literature, music, and the fine arts.
Throughout its history, India was intermittently disturbed by incursions from beyond its northern mountain wall. Especially important was the coming of Islam, brought from the northwest by Arab, Turkish, Persian, and other raiders beginning early in the 8th century CE. Eventually, some of those raiders stayed; by the 13th century much of the subcontinent was under Muslim rule, and the number of Muslims steadily increased. Only after the arrival of the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama in 1498 and the subsequent establishment of European maritime supremacy in the region did India become exposed to major external influences arriving by sea, a process that culminated in the decline of the ruling Muslim elite and absorption of the subcontinent within the British Empire.
Direct administration by the British, which began in 1858, effected a political and economic unification of the subcontinent. When British rule came to an end in 1947, the subcontinent was partitioned along religious lines into two separate countries—India, with a majority of Hindus, and Pakistan, with a majority of Muslims; the eastern portion of Pakistan later split off to form Bangladesh. Many British institutions stayed in place (such as the parliamentary system of government); English continued to be a widely used lingua franca, and India remained within the Commonwealth. Hindi became the official language (and several other local languages achieved official status), while a vibrant English-language intelligentsia thrived.

India remains one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. Apart from its many religions and sects, India is home to innumerable castes and tribes, as well as to more than a dozen major and hundreds of minor linguistic groups from several language families unrelated to one another. Religious minorities, including Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains, still account for a significant proportion of the population; collectively, their numbers exceed the populations of all countries except China. Earnest attempts have been made to instill a spirit of nationhood in so varied a population, but tensions between neighboring groups have remained and at times have resulted in outbreaks of violence. Yet social legislation has done much to alleviate the disabilities previously suffered by formerly “untouchable” castes, tribal populations, women, and other traditionally disadvantaged segments of society. At independence, India was blessed with several leaders of world stature, most notably Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, who were able to galvanize the masses at home and bring prestige to India abroad. The country has played an increasing role in global affairs.
Contemporary India’s increasing physical prosperity and cultural dynamism—despite continued domestic challenges and economic inequality—are seen in its well-developed infrastructure and a highly diversified industrial base, in its pool of scientific and engineering personnel (one of the largest in the world), in the pace of its agricultural expansion, and in its rich and vibrant cultural exports of music, literature, and cinema. Though the country’s population remains largely rural, India has three of the most populous and cosmopolitan cities in the world—Mumbai (Bombay), Kolkata (Calcutta), and Delhi. Three other Indian cities—Bengaluru (Bangalore), Chennai (Madras), and Hyderabad—are among the world’s fastest-growing high-technology centers, and most of the world’s major information technology and software companies now have offices in India.
The history section of the articles Pakistan and Bangladesh discusses those countries since their creation.

Climate

The Climate of India can be divided into different climate zones. The eastern part of India and the west coast can be classified as the Aw climate, a hot, tropical climate with all months above 18°C and a dry period in the winter. The Southern Tip of India can be classified as Am climate, a hot tropical Rainforest climate with monsoon rains and all months above 18°C. Central and Northwest India have a BSh climate, a dry Steppe climate with an annual average temperature above 18°C. Finally, The northern mountainous areas can be classified as Cfa climate; a Temperated, humid climate with the warmest month above 22°C.

1. History

India has a long and complex history, dating back to over 5,000 years. It is one of the world’s oldest civilizations, known as the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2500 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India.

• Ancient Period: The Vedic period (1500–500 BCE) saw the composition of the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. The Maurya and Gupta Empires were significant during this time, with the former ruling under Emperor Ashoka, who spread Buddhism across Asia.
• Medieval Period: This era was marked by the rise of powerful regional kingdoms and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. The Mughal Empire, founded by Babur in 1526, dominated India until the 18th century, contributing to the cultural and architectural landscape.
• Colonial Period: The British East India Company established its dominance in the 18th century, and by 1858, India became a British colony. The struggle for independence, led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, culminated in India gaining independence on August 15, 1947.
• Post-Independence: India became a republic on January 26, 1950, with a democratic government and a constitution. It has since evolved into a major global player in various fields, including economics, politics, and culture.

2. Geography

India is the seventh-largest country in the world, covering an area of 3.287 million square kilometers. It is bounded by the Himalayas in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south, the Bay of Bengal in the east, and the Arabian Sea in the west. India’s geographical diversity includes mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and coastal regions.

• Northern Region: Dominated by the Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
• Western Region: Includes the Thar Desert and the fertile plains of Punjab.
• Southern Region: Characterized by the Deccan Plateau and the Western and Eastern Ghats.
• Eastern Region: Known for its dense forests, rivers, and tea gardens.

3. Economy

India is one of the largest economies in the world, with a nominal GDP of approximately $3.7 trillion (2023). It is classified as a developing economy, with significant contributions from various sectors:

• Agriculture: Employs around 50% of the workforce, contributing about 15% to GDP.
• Industry: Includes manufacturing, mining, and construction, contributing around 30% to GDP.
• Services: The largest sector, contributing around 55% to GDP, with IT, telecommunications, and finance being the key areas.

India is also a major exporter of software, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and automobiles.

4. Location

India is located in South Asia, bordered by Pakistan to the west, China and Nepal to the north, Bhutan to the northeast, and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. The southern tip is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, with maritime boundaries with Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Indonesia.

5. Population

India is the most populous country in the world, with a population of over 1.4 billion people (2023). The population is diverse, with multiple ethnic groups, languages, and religions coexisting.

6. Climate

India experiences a wide range of climates, from the tropical monsoon climate in the south to the alpine conditions in the Himalayan north. The country primarily has four seasons:

• Winter (December to February): Cool and dry, with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 25°C.
• Summer (March to June): Hot, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C in many regions.
• Monsoon (July to September): Heavy rainfall across most parts of the country.
• Post-Monsoon (October to November): Transition period with moderate weather.

7. Places of Interest

India is a land of cultural and natural wonders, with numerous places of interest:

• Taj Mahal: A UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the Seven Wonders of the World, located in Agra.
• Jaipur: Known as the Pink City, it is famous for its palaces, forts, and vibrant culture.
• Kerala Backwaters: A network of lagoons and lakes in southern India, popular for houseboat cruises.
• Goa: Famous for its beaches, Portuguese heritage, and vibrant nightlife.

8. Historical Places or Buildings

India has a rich architectural heritage:

• Red Fort: A UNESCO World Heritage Site in Delhi, built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
• Qutub Minar: The tallest brick minaret in the world, located in Delhi.
• Ajanta and Ellora Caves: Ancient rock-cut caves with intricate sculptures and paintings in Maharashtra.
• Hampi: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire.

9. Film City

India is home to several film cities:

• Film City, Mumbai: Also known as Dadasaheb Phalke Chitranagari, it is one of the largest film cities in the world, located in Goregaon, Mumbai.
• Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad: The world’s largest integrated film city, offering a variety of sets, locations, and film production facilities.

10. Politics

India is the world’s largest democracy, with a federal structure consisting of the central government and state governments. The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.

• Parliament: Bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
• Elections: India holds general elections every five years, with state elections held at different intervals.

11. Industries

India has a diverse industrial sector:

• Automobile Industry: India is one of the largest producers of automobiles, with major companies like Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, and Maruti Suzuki.
• Textiles and Apparel: India is a leading producer of textiles and garments, known for its cotton, silk, and woolen products.
• Pharmaceuticals: India is the world’s largest provider of generic drugs.
• Information Technology: India is a global IT hub, with major cities like Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Pune being centers of IT services and software development.

12. Manufacturing

India’s manufacturing sector is a significant contributor to the economy, with industries ranging from steel, cement, chemicals, and machinery to consumer goods and electronics.

13. Market Cap

India has a robust stock market, with the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) being the major exchanges. The market capitalization of Indian companies is significant, with several Indian companies being part of global indices.

14. Transport Options

India has a well-developed transport network:

• Roadways: India has one of the largest road networks in the world, with national highways, state highways, and rural roads.
• Railways: Indian Railways is the fourth-largest railway network in the world, providing extensive connectivity across the country.
• Airways: India has a large number of airports, with major international airports in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, and Chennai.
• Waterways: India has several ports and inland waterways, playing a crucial role in domestic and international trade.

15. Other Essential Information

• Languages: India is a multilingual country with 22 officially recognized languages and hundreds of dialects. Hindi and English are the official languages of the central government.
• Religion: India is a secular country with Hinduism being the majority religion, followed by Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, and others.
• Culture: India has a rich cultural heritage, with festivals like Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, and Navratri celebrated across the country.
• Education: India has a vast education system, with numerous prestigious institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS).
• Healthcare: India has a mix of public and private healthcare systems, with major hospitals in urban areas and ongoing efforts to improve rural healthcare.

Table: Indian States, Districts, Cities, and Languages

List of Indian States and Union Territories

Total Summary

• Total States: 28
• Total Union Territories: 8
• Total Districts: Approximately 776
• Total Cities/Towns: Over 4,000
• Total Official Languages: 22

Andhra Pradesh and Andaman & Nicobar Islands

ANDHRA PRADESH: This historical state is a combination of the combined regions of Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra after the north-western 10 districts were separated from the erstwhile state of Andhra Pradesh after its bifurcation on 2nd June 2014 under the Andhra Pradesh State Reorganisation Act 2014. Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana will also serve as the capital of Andhra Pradesh for ten years till the formation of a new capital. The land of mighty Krishna and Godavari rivers with a rich cultural heritage of literature, art, music, dance, and drama, it abounds in magnificent monuments that breathe history, lakes and sunny beaches that exude charm and
beauty, wildlife sanctuaries that bring your eye the majestic animal kingdom, great ancient temples, the chilly heights of its hill stations and the modern temples of progress like the seaport of Visakhapatnam and SrisailamDam project. This is the land that gave the world such forms of art as Kalamkari and toys as Kondapalli. Kuchipudi, a blend of music and abhinaya, is Andhra Pradesh’s unique contribution to dance. The state is also known as “The Rice Bowl of the South”, as some of the finest varieties of rice are grown here.

Climate :

Summer: 42°-28°C Winter: 30°-15°C Monsoon: June to September. The Best Season is November and February. Festivals: Sankranti (January), Ugadi (April), Vinayaka Chaturthi (August/September), Vijaya Dashami(October), Diwali (October/November).ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS: This union territory comprises a group of over 572 lush green, golden beaches tropical islands/islets, stretching about 750 km. from north to south in the Bay of Bengal. Out of these, 36 are inhabited islands including 24 in the Andaman district and 12 in the Nicobar district. These are being developed and will soon be the major tourist centers of tomorrow. Climate: Summer: 33°-22°C Winter: 31°-20°C Monsoon: May to October. The Best Season is December to April. Festivals: Island Tourism Festival (December/January), Ayappa Puja (January), Kali Puja, Durga Puja (October).

Places of Interest

(* Towns with good accommodation)*Ahobilam: Temples. * Amravati: Buddhist Stupa, Shrine of Lord Shiva, Museum. [Sankaram (2.5 km): Excavations] Ananthagiri Temples. [Borra (12 km): Limestone caves with stalagmite and stalactite formations.] * Araku Valley: Picturesque Ananthagiri Hills, Zelda Waterfall, Coffee plantation, Tribals. * Bheemunipatnam Beach, Temple, Fort.Chandragiri: Fort, Temples, Ruins of ancient Vijayanagar capital. Draksharamam: Hindu pilgrim center.*Ethipothala: Waterfalls. * Horsley Hills: Hill station. * Kadapa: Temple. * Kakinada: Beach. [Pithapuram (22 km): Temple] Kolleru: Water-bird sanctuary. Kondapalli: Hand-crafted wooden toys. Kuchipudi: Dance Academy.* Kurnool: Belum Caves, Fort, Rock Garden, Mahanandi temple. Lepakshi: Veerbhadra temple, Frescoes, Excavation. Machkund: Waterfalls, Gateway to Araku Valley. Machilipatnam: Kalamkari textiles, Antiquities.*Mahanandi: Mineral springs, Hindu pilgrim center. Maidu: Beach. Manginapudi: Beach. * Mantralayam :Temples. Mukhalingam: Temples. Nellore: Temples. [Pulicat (165 km): Lake, Pulicat Bird Sanctuary, and NelapattuBird Sanctuary.] Papikondalu: Magnificent Gorge and Scenery, Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary, Bison Range.Penukonda: Vijayanagar ruins, Mosque, Fort, Hill station. “Puttaparthi: Home of Sri Satya Sai Baba.” Rajahmundry: Hindu pilgrim center. * Srikalahasti : Temples. Srisailam: Hindu pilgrim center, Dam project. * Tirupati and Tirumala: Twin Cities, a major Hindu pilgrim center, City of Seven Hills, Sri Venkateswara Temple is one of the richest temples in the world, Wooden toys. [Kailasanathakona (43 km): Waterfalls, Sri Venkateswara National Park] Udayagiri : Forts ruins.* Vadarevu: Beach. Vijayawada: Road and Rail Center, Temples, Mosques. [Mangalagiri (16 km): Pilgrim center]* Visakhapatnam Seaport, Beaches, Promontories. [Bavikonda (15 km), Thotlakonda (16 km), and Sankaram (40 km): Buddhist archaeological sites. Simhachalam (20 km): Hill

Bihar

The name ‘Bihar is derived from ‘Vihara’ which means a Buddhist monastery. The land of the pilgrim-Bihar has a very ancient, glorious, and colorful history. It also boasts of having established the first republic of the world. It was this land that gave the world the great religion of Buddhism. It is the land where Buddha attained enlightenment, and Lord Mahavira was born and died. Here the 10th and last Sikh guru Guru Gobind Singh was born. The land was also the birthplace of the great ruler emperor Ashoka who made himself immortal by spreading the message of peace. This land has seen great dynasties such as the Kushans, the Mauryas, and the Gupta Dynasty. Great rulers.
like Chandragupta Maurya, Emperor Ashoka, and Chandragupta Vikramaditya have brought both fame and glory. to the region. It is also the home of many aboriginal tribes. This state has made all-around developments in the field of heavy industry and agriculture but at the same time preserved its rich heritage and culture. Places of Interest
(Towns with good accommodation)Barauni: Industrial centre. Bhagalpur: Silk Center, Tribals. Bodh Gaya: Most sacred Buddhist pilgrim center, Sacred Bodhi tree, Stupas, Museum, Hindu pilgrim center, Lotus pond, International monasteries, and the famous Kalachakra sermon by the Dalai Lama held here once in 12 years. Buxar Hindu pilgrim center, Fairs.Darbhanga: Centre of Maithili culture and handicrafts. Dehri-on-Sone: Industrial center Gaya: Major Hindu pilgrim center, Temples, nearby Stupas, and Buddhist caves. Jayanagar Temples. Jharia: Major Coal town.Kishanganj: Pilgrim Center. Katihar: Major Rail Junction. Madhubani Maithili cultural center and home of Madhubani paintings. Maner: Muslim pilgrim center, Picnic spot. Munger: Historic city. Muzaffarpur: Lichi orchard, commercial town. Nalanda Ruins of ancient Buddhist University, Museum, Buddhist Research Institute. [ Bihar Sharif (13 km): Ancient Muslim Capital, Muslim pilgrim center, Tombs. Kundalpur (2 km) Jain Temples and Pilgrim Center. Rajgir (15 km): Ancient Buddhist cultural center, Jain pilgrim center, Temples, Fort, Mineral springs, Spa, Hill station. Rajgir Sanctuary: Variety of wildlife. Swarajpur Baragon (33 km)Surya Temple, Hindu pilgrim center). Patna: Martyr’s Memorial, Biological Park, Sadaqat Ashram, Museums, Golghar Granary, Mosques, Ruins of ancient Mauryan Pataliputra, Sikh pilgrim center, Oriental Library, Ashram, and Antiquities, Lake. Pawapuri: Jain Pilgrim centre, Jalmandir, Samoshran temple. Shimultala: Scenery, quiet vacation spot. Vaishali: Ancient Capital, Buddhist, and Jain pilgrim center, Museums, Ashoka Pillar.Climate Summer: 47-20°C Winter: 28°-4°C Monsoon: June to October Best Season October to March Festivals: Holi (March), Durga Puja (October), Diwali (October/November), Chhatt (October/November), SonepurCattle Fair (November), Tribal festivals. Important Distances in Kilometres.

Chandigarh (Union Territory)

This first and the best-planned modern city of India is the Capital of both Punjab and Haryana. It has been a Union Territory since 1966. Picturesquely located at the foothills of the Shivaliks, it is known as one of the best experiments in urban planning and modern architecture in the twentieth century in India. Chandigarh derives its name from the temple of”Chandi Mandir” which is located in the vicinity of the site selected for the city. The deity ‘Chandi, the goddess of power and a fort of ‘Garh’ laying beyond the temple gave the city its name “Chandigarh- The City Beautiful”. The area was part of the large and prosperous Punjab Province which was divided into East and West Punjab during the partition of the country in 1947. The city was conceived by India’s first Prime Minister, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, not only serves as the capital of East Punjab but also resettles thousands of refugees who had been uprooted from West Punjab. Designed and planned by the world-famous French architect Le Corbusier, the work was executed by Pierre Jeanneret, Maxwell Fry, and Jane Drew. The city has been divided into several self-contained sectors, every 246 acres, rectangular 1.2 km by 0.8 km with its own marketplace, hospital, educational institutions, places of worship, garden, open playground, etc.

Places of Interest

Capitol Complex: It comprises the Secretariat, the Assembly, and the High Court. The geometrical concrete buildings of the complex, emerging elegantly out of the ground, comprise the headquarters of the Government of Punjab as well as Haryana. The Open Hand: It is one of the most impressive monuments in Chandigarh. Situated in the Capito
Complex, it comprises a giant hand, rising 85 feet high from a hollow trench. Made of metal sheets, the hand is capable of rotating and delivers the message that the city gladly receives all, without any distinction. Sector 17: The most popular hangout of youngsters, Sector 17 houses the most upscale shopping market in Chandigarh. Apart from the market, the sector also prides itself on being dotted with fountains, sculptures, and groves of trees. In short, it is completely s shopper’s as well as a pedestrian’s paradise. Sukhna Lake: Situated in Sector 1, the 3 sq. km. lake was created by building an artificial dam on a seasonal stream. Go boating, relax in the restaurant situated there, or just sit on the 2 km-long promenades and take in the beauty of nature. The Zoological Park is nearby. Rock Garden: It is perhaps the most frequented tourist attraction in the city. Being the unique garden that it is, its popularity is perfectly understandable Situated near the Capitol Complex, it is spread over an area of around 12 acres. Built by Nek Chand, the garden comprises art objects that have been made from urban waste material. Museum and Art Gallery: There is much from the ancient to the modern among the 2,500 exhibits here. Punjab University: In beautiful hilly surroundings landscaped with parks and pools is one of the country’s most attractive campuses. Gandhi Memorial, the Swimming pool, the Library, and the student center with its inexpensive but appetizing meals are special attractions here. Leisure Valley: This is for those who love soaking in the green surroundings. The valley comprises several beautiful gardens. which adorn the city from one end to the other. The popular Rose Garden of Chandigarh, the largest garden in Asia, is a part of the Leisure Valley only. The popular gardens of the city are the Garden of Tranquillity, Garden of Rare Plants, Garden of Annuals, Bougainvillea Garden, Botanical Garden, and Garden of Aromatic Plants. International Dolls Museum Situated in Sector 23 of Chandigarh, it has a vast collection of dolls and puppets from all over the world. It is open throughout the week, except Sunday. Other Attractions Tower of Shadows, Geometric Hill, Martyr’s Memorial,
Museum of Evolution of Life and Botanical Garden.

Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh lies between 17°46′ and 24°8′ North Latitude, to 80°15′ and 84°24′ East Longitude. The state was carved out of Madhya Pradesh on 1st November 2000 by separating the 16 Chhattisgarhi-speaking south-eastern districts. Raipur was made its capital city. This landlocked state is surrounded by six other states. The creator has
been most generous to Chhattisgarh, endowing it with immense natural wealth – bountiful forests, magnificent lakes, mighty rivers, and sparkling waterfalls. The state is drained by several rivers, namely Seonath, Mahanadi, Hasdo, Rihand, Mand, Kanhar, and Indravati rushing through its hills and the plateau. This intersection of
plateaus, hills, and rivers has given rise to spectacular scenery. There are vast unexplored tracts of thick forest that cover more than 44 percent of Chhattisgarh with the largest assortment of wildlife in the country. The forests are a treasure trove of rare and exotic flora and fauna. Chhattisgarh is also home to many indigenous tribes and
communities. It is a state of colorful people with varied customs, costumes, and beliefs. The rich tribal culture is reflected through its tribal art, fairs, and festivals.
Agriculture is the mainstay of the state’s economy as three-fourths of the total population lives in rural areas.  Rich in forest and mineral resources and with a surplus of power, not to speak of the diamond mines in Raipur and the gold mines in Bastar ready to be exploited, Chhattisgarh state has all the potential to grow into one of the wealthiest states in the country. The State is an ideal getaway for the traveler tired of overcrowded hill stations and beaches. Most of the tourist spots in Chhattisgarh are waiting to be explored. Dotted with ancient monuments, exquisitely carved temples, unique Buddhist sites, palaces, caves, rock paintings, and plateaus, Chhattisgarh has something for everyone the nature lover, the lover of performing arts and handicrafts, the lover of spiritualism. It is magical in its native charm and yet impressively progressive in its political and administrative outlook. A satellite city to Raipur, Naya Raipur is the new capital city of Chhattisgarh that also caters to the infrastructural needs of
industry and trade in the region.

Places of Interest

(* Towns with good accommodation)
Barsur: Ancient capital, temples. Bastar: Marias and Murias Tribal culture. Bhilai: Industrial township. Bhoramdeo Bhoramdeo temples, Palaces with erotic sculptures similar to those in Khajuraho temples. • Bilaspur: High Court, Temple, Ramakrishna Ashram. [Ratanpur (23 km): Ancient Capital, Temples, Fort, Lakes. Luthra Sharif (32 km): Shrine. Malhar (32 km): Excavations, Temples, Museum. Telegram (24 km): Temples.] Chitrakot: Jain Temples, Pilgrim Center, Scenic beauty, Waterfalls, Ram Navami Festival
(March/April). Jagdalpur: Palace, Tribal Temple. [Keshkal (130 km): Scenic Valley, Palace, Temple. Kumar (40 km): Caves full of amazing stalactite and stalagmite columns. Tirathgarh (39 km): Waterfall.] Jashpurnagar: Waterfalls, Picnic Spots. [Kunkuri (45 km): Catholic Church. Khairagarh: Only Music University in Asia called
“Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwa Vidyalaya”. Korba: Industrial center, Aluminium plant [Pali: Temple. Lapha (20km): Temple, Fort, Lake, Caves, Kendal Falls.] Raipur: Museum, Waterfalls nearby. [Arang (47 km): City of Temples. Rajim (48 km): Vishnu temple on the banks of river Mahanadi.] Ramgarh: The “Ajanta” of Chhattisgarh, Caves,
Falls. Seorinarayan: Temple, Fair on Magh Purnima [Kharod (5 km): Temple.] Sihawa: Caves, Hindu pilgrim center, Dam. Sirpur: Important Buddhist center from 6th to 10th century B.C. Climate: Summer: 48°-22°C Winter: 23°-4°C Monsoon: June to September Best Season: October to April Festivals: Basant Panchmi, MaghPurnima(January/February), Ramaram Mela, Madai (February).Mahashivratri, Holi (February/March), Phagun Madai (March), Sakalnarayan (April), Ramnavami
(March/April), Gonchar (July), Pola (August/September). Dussehra (October), Diwali (October/November). Tribal Festivals.

Delhi (National Capital Territory)

India’s capital and a major gateway to the country, contemporary Delhi is a bustling metropolis that successfully combines in its fold the ancient and the modern. The strategic location of Delhi, between the Aravalli hills and the river Yamuna, had attracted the attention of almost every king or conqueror in this part of the
world. It is not surprising then, that what constitutes Delhi today is a conglomerate of seven cities. Down the ages, the region in and around modern Delhi saw, Indraprastha founded by the Pandavas in 1450 B.C., Qila Lal Kot was built by Tomar king Anangpal in 1024 A.D., Siri was established by Allauddin Khilji in 1302 A.D., Tughlakabad
(1320 A.D.) and Firozabad (1351 A.D.) built by the Tughlaks followed by Dilli of Sher Shah Suri in 1542 A.D., then came Shahjahanabad, the capital of the Mughals under Shah Jahan in 1648 A.D., which survives as the Old Delhi of today. New Delhi reflects the legacy the British left behind. The divisions in the Old and New Delhi mark the
varied lifestyles. The walled city (Old Delhi) is all tradition whereas New Delhi, in contrast, is a city living up to contemporary international standards.

Places of Interest

(* Towns with good accommodation)
Place of Worship: Akshardham Temple, Baha’i (Lotus) Temple, Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Mangal Mahadev, Ahinsa Sthal, Lal Jain Mandir, Bangla Sahib, Rakab Ganj, Sis Ganj, St. James Church, Jama Masjid, Dargah Hazrat Nizamuddin. Historical Places: Humayun’s Tomb, India Gate, Jantar Mantar, Purana Qila, Qutb Minar,
Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhawan, Red Fort, Safdarjang’s Tomb. Museums, Parks and Gardens, National Memorials, Shopping Bazaars, Zoological Parks, Amusement
Parks, Auditoria and Theatre, Art Galleries and Cultural centers, Asola Wildlife Sanctuary. Climate Summer: 46°-30°C Winter: 22°-4°C Monsoon: June to August Best Season: October to February. Fairs and Festivals: Republic Day, Basant Panchami, Vintage Car Rally, Mahashivratri, Surajkund Crafts Mela, Flower show, Holi (January/February/
March), Baisakhi, Ram Navami, Buddha Purnima, Mahavir Jayanti, Muharram (April/May/June), Independence Day, Raksha Bandhan, Janmashtami, ld, Phoolwalon ki Sair (July/August/ September), Dussehra, Balloon Mela, Diwali, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Christmas, New Year Eve (October/November/ December).Delhi to.

Goa

A small tropical paradise, wedged between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats, with its dazzling 105 km long palm-fringed coastline creates a seductive atmosphere that no tourist can resist. Being a hilly country. Goa has dense and rich vegetation. Twenty-five percent of its area is covered by forests, containing all kinds of trees and shrubs.
The early history of Goa is obscure. Goa was known as Gopakpattan or Grant. It was also mentioned as Govapuri in the Sutra-Samhita. Ptolemy, the great geographer of the 2nd century A.D. refers to Goa as ‘Gouba’. It saw many empires such as the Satvahanas, the Kadambas, the Rashtrakutas, the Chalukyas, the Silahars, and the Yadavas. After the discovery of the sea route to India by Vasco-da-Gama in 1498, many Portuguese expeditions came to India. The Portuguese rule of 451 years, even after the Indian independence, finally came to an end on December 9th, 1961, and made a composite union territory with Daman and Diu. On 30th May 1987, Goa was conferred statehood. The state is famous for its seafood, cashews, and locally brewed feni (wine). and for its song and dance and merriment, and above all for its peace and serene atmosphere.

Places of Interest(*Towns with good accommodation)

Betul Beach. Bicholim: Temples, Handicrafts. Bondla: Wildlife Sanctuary, Season October to March, Deer Park, Botanical, and Rose Garden. Canacona: Temple, Pleasure Resort. [Palolem (10 kms): Beach.) Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary, Season – October to March, Ancient center for Vedic studies. Dudhsagar: Waterfalls, Picnic spot, Hiking, Trekking. Harvell: Ancient Temple, historic forest Caves, Waterfalls, Picnic spot. Madgaon (Margao): Commercial center, Palatial houses, Parks, Friday fair. (Chandreshwar Bhutnath (16 km): Ancient Temple. Kolva (6 kms): Beach.] May: Lake resort, Boating. Molen: Bhagwan Mahavir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary. Season October to March. Tambdi Surla (8 kms): Temple. Panaji: Beaches, Parks, Cuisine, Historic sites, Antiquities, Temples, Churches, one of India’s most beautiful cities, Museums, Galleries
Latin-style houses. [ Aguada (10 km): Beach resort, Fort now Central Jail, Spring, Lighthouse. Calangute (15 km): Holiday resort, Queen of Goan Beaches, Scenic splendor. Dona Paula (7 km): Picnic spot, BeachGaspar Dias (Miramar km): Golden palm-fringed beach. Mapusa (15 km): Friday fair, Gardens, Church. Siridao (Shiridon 8 kms): Fluvial Beach, Holiday resort. Vagator (25 km): Beach, Fort. Vela (Old) Goa (10) km) Old Capital, Roman Catholic pilgrim center (mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier), Churches, Ruins Portuguese Forts and Buildings, Antiquities, Nunnery.] Pernem: Temple. Pilar: Monasteries, Christian religious and Educational Center, View of Harbour and river Zuary. Ponda (Farmagudi): Temples, Mosque. [Kavlem (10) km): Temples. Priol (5 kms): Sri Manguesh Temple.] Sanguem: Temples, Mosque. Terekhol: Fort. Vasco da
Beach resort, Natural Gama Parks, Beaches, Gardens, Waterfront, Rail terminus. [ Bogmalo (10 km) Anchorage. Marmagao (3 km): Port.] Climate Summer & Winter
32 -21°C Monsoon.June to October. Best Season October to May Festivals Shigmotsav (March). Dussehra (October), Diwali (October/November), Christmas (December),
New Year (January), Carnival (March/April/3 days before Lent). Important Distances in KilometreRachol Seminary.

Gujarat and Daman & Diu (U.T.)

GUJARAT gets its name from “Gujjar Rashtra”, the land of the Gujjars, a migrant tribe who came to India in the wake of the invading Huns in the 5th century. The region saw various kingdoms till the present state of Gujarat was formed on 1st May 1960. With a large Jain population and a long period of Buddhist culture from the great emperor Ashoka’s time, the people of Gujarat are strict vegetarians. Their history has given them a gentle dignity and a secure culture. They are known for their astute business sense. It is the home of Mahatma Gandhi – the father of the Nation. Gujarat is one of the leading industrialized states in the country. It is also the home for the last of the Asiatic lions.
Climate: Summer: 42°-27°C Winter: 29°-14°C Monsoon: June to September. Best Season: October to March, Festivals: Uttarayan and Kite Flying Festival (January), Kuchchh Mahotsav (February), Dangs Darbar (March), Mahavir Jayanti (April), Gokulashtami (August), Navaratri, Dussehra (October), Diwali (October/November). DAMAN was occupied by the Portuguese in 1559. It is bound by the Bhagwan and Kalem rivers on the north and south respectively, on the east by Gujarat and on the west by the Arabian Sea. DIU lies in the Gulf of Khambhat near Veraval port and is separated from the southern extremity of the Kathiawar Peninsula by a narrow channel running through a swamp. It was occupied by the Portuguese in 1534. Daman and Diu were separated from Goa to become an independent Union Territory when Goa was accorded full statehood in
1987. Apart from historical monuments, the beaches in Daman and Diu attract many visitors. Climate: Summer: 41°C-27°C. Winter: 29°C-14°C. Monsoon: June to September Best Season: October to March

Places of Interest(* Towns with good accommodation)

Ahmedabad: Industrial (Textile) center, Sabarmati Ashram, Temples, Mosques, Forts, Museums, Lake, Zoo Tombs. [Gandhinagar (25 km): Planned city.] Ambaji: Pilgrim center. Anand Model Dairy project * Bhavnagar: Temples, Museums, Port, Lake. Bhuj: Handicrafts, Temples. * Chorwad: Beach Dhrangadhara: Dhrangadhara Sanctuary (22 km) and Kachchh Desert Sanctuary. Dumas: Beach. * Dwarka Hindu pilgrim center, Beach, Lighthouse. Bet Dwarka (5 km): Island Temple.] Gir Forest (Sasan Gir) : Gr
National Park. [ Tulsishya (96 km): Hot springs, Shrine.] Jamnagar Palaces, Forts, Temples, Pearl fisheries, Museums, Lake, Tie & Dye sarees, Handicrafts, Solarium. Junagadh: Hindu, Jain, and Muslim pilgrim center, Forts, Gardens, Buddhist caves. [Girnar (8 km): Jain pilgrim center.] Kandla: Major port. [Gandhidham (19 km): Planned satellite city.] Kotishwar: Pilgrim center, Beach. *Lothal Harappan-age excavations. Mahesana Dairy center. Modhera: Sun Temple. Nal Sarovar: Nal Sarovar Lake & Bird
Sanctuary. Palitana: Important Jain pilgrim center, exquisite Temples, Muslim shrine of Angar Pir. Patan: Patola handlooms, Jain Temples, Wood carvings. Pavagadh (Champaner): Hindu pilgrim center, Hill station, Forts, Mosques, Palaces. Porbandar: Birthplace of Gandhiji, Temples, Palaces, Beach. Rajkot: Gandhiji’s home,
Palaces, Museum. Saputara: Hill resort. Suklatirth: Hindu pilgrim center. Beach. Surat: Zari threadwork, Brocades, Textile Market, Diamond cutting, Temples, Ancient Port. [Hajira (28 kms): Beach.] Tithal Beach. Ubhrat Museum, Planetarium, Mausoleum. Velavadar: National Park. Veraval: Beach. Daman: Capital of Union Territory, Forts, Churches, Beaches. [ Umbergaon (60 * Diu: Forts, Churches, Handicrafts. Somnath: Hindu pilgrim center, Forts, Mosques at Dander, Jain Beach. Vadodara Palaces,
Wankaner: Palaces.
km): Beach.]

Haryana

The “Green Land of India”, this state came into being on November 1st, 1966. Haryana can be divided into two natural areas, sub-Himalayan Terai and Indo-Gangetic Plain. The plain is fertile and slopes from north to south South-west of Haryana are dry, sandy, and barren. It has an agriculture-based economy. About 80% of its people depend on agriculture for their livelihood. good. The state also has a strong industrial base. It is also well known for its handloom products. Haryana is greater in time than in space. Among the various states of India, Haryana is comparatively smaller in size and younger in years, but historically it has been of great importance all through, starting from the days of Mahabharata with Kurukshetra, the scene of the epic battle between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. The state was the home of the legendary Bharata dynasty, which has given the name “Bharat” to India. From ancient times, the people of Haryana have borne the brunt of invaders with their known traits of bravery and valor. The variegated culture of Haryana represents a synthesis between old and new, tradition and progress, inheritance and ingenuity and stands out thus as a model of unity in diversity. The love for cattle and the abundance of milk in the diet of Haryanavis persists to this day which has given the region worldwide fame. Against the backdrop of its hoary past, Haryana is in full bloom, providing all comforts and modern amenities to the tourist. Climate: Summer: 46°-35°C Winter: 14°-4°C Monsoon: July to September. Best Season: October to March Festivals: Basant Panchami (February), Holi, Hola Mohalla, Gangore, Baisakhi (March/April), Nirjala Ekadashi (May/June), Teej (July/August), Janamashtami, Gugga Naumi (August), Dussehra, Diwali (October/November)Guru Purab (November).

Places of Interest(* Towns with good accommodation)

Ambala: Sikh pilgrim center. Banawali: Archaeological site. Bhiwani: Temples, Stately homes, Jewellery[Tosham (24 km): Historical site.] Dharuhera: Halfway House (Delhi-Jaipur), Industrial center. • FatehabadFort (in ruins), Stone pillar, Mosque. Faridabad: Industrial centre. [* Badkhal Lake (4 km): Picnic spot, Boating Fishing.] Gurgaon: Industrial center. [ Sultanpur (10 km): Bird sanctuary. Damdama: Lake. Thanks (5 km) Archaeological site.] Hathni Kund (Tajewala): Fishing. [Kalesar (10 km): Wildlife sanctuary.]* Hisar: Palaces, Mosques, Fort, Livestock center. [Hansi (26 km): Historic town, Fort, Temples.] Hodal: Halfway house (Delhi-Agra), Magnificent buildings, Step well. Jhajjar: Ancient town, Palace, Museum. A major contributor of men to the Indian Army was Gurukul. Jind: Temples, Palace. Karnal: Historic walled town, Livestock center. [ Chakravarty Lake (8 km): Picnic spot, Boating, Fishing.] Kurukshetra: Historic town, Pilgrim center, Temples, Sacred tank. Morni: Hill station, Bir Shikargah Wildlife sanctuary. Narnaul: Antiquities. Panipat: A historic town, Mosque, Tank, Tombs, and City of Weavers. * Pehowa: Hindu pilgrim center. Pinjore: 17th century
Gardens, Boating. Rohtak Boating, Wrestling center, Excavations. Samalkha: Halfway House (Delhi-Amritsar). Sohna Sulphur springs, Spa. Surajkund Temple ruins, Forts nearby, Boating, Fishing, Annual Fair. Yamunanagar: Adi Badri temple.

Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is situated right in the lap of the Himalayan ranges. The state is almost entirely mountainous with altitudes ranging from 460 to 6600 meters above sea level. Physiographically, the state can be divided into two regions, southern and northern. The southern part is almost as hot as the plains, while the northern region has a temperate summer and a winter with extreme cold and heavy snowfall. The state is drained by a number of rivers, namely Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj, and Yamuna. All these rivers are perennial. Himachal Pradesh is studded with a number of hill stations which are refreshingly cool in summer. Khajiar in the Chamba district has earned the name ‘Mini Switzerland’ because of the striking similarity in landscape. The state abounds in wildlife with some rare species of animals and birds. The rivers offer ideal fishing grounds. The state also offers a sportsman all he wants, from skiing and trekking to water rafting and mountaineering. Agriculture and horticulture are the mainstays of the state’s economy. The agroclimatic conditions in the state are more suitable for growing wide cash crops and fruits in its beautiful orchards.

Places of Interest(Towns with good accommodation)

“Bhakra: Dam site picnic spot. Bilaspur: Caves, Temples, View of Anandpur Sahib, Lake, Cattle Fair. “Chail: Highest cricket ground in the world, Hill station, Palace, Woods ideal for trekking and bird watching, Fishing. (Chail Sanctuary: Birds and wildlife in plenty, Season-March to December.] Chamba: Temples, Museum, Gateway to Tisa and Pangh valleys, Gardens, Murals, and Paintings. [ Bharmaur (66 km): Ancient capital, Temples.] Dalhousie: Hill station, Handicrafts, Picnic spot. Dharmshala: ‘Queen of hills, Tibetan handicrafts, Headquarters of Dalai Lama, Tibetan Monastery, Bhagsunag Temple. *Fagu: Scenic beauty. “Jwala Mukhi: Temple, Festival of Flame goddess. Kalpa: Gateway to Kinnaur district (Inner line entry permit needed), famed for its Handloom shawls, Folk dances, Forest Flora and Fauna. Kangra: Ancient town, Miniature
paintings, Temples. Kasauli: Hill station, Medical Research Institute. Khajiar: Lake-side valley, Golf, ‘Switzerland of India’. Khoksar: Gateway to the Lahaul and Spiti valleys, the land of the lamas. [” Kyelang (48 km): Buddhist monastery, Frescoes, last town before the picturesque Lahul and Spiti valleys. Trilokinath (30 km): Buddhist pilgrim center, Monastery.] Kotgarh: Orchards. Kullu: Orchards, Temples, Scenery, Trekking. Trout fishing (at Banjar 52 km; Katrain 20 km, and Larji 34 km). [Baijnath (22 km): Pilgrim center. Bajaur (15 km): Temples, Orchards. Gobind Sagar (107 km): Boating. Manikaran (45 km): Hot springs. Naggar (30 km): Roerich’s home is now a museum, Temples.] “Manali: Hill resort, Trekking, Temples, Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Orchards, Four tiered wooden temples with pagoda shaped roof. [Bashishta (3 km): Hot springs.] Mandi: River-side hill station, Pilgrim center, Temples, Floating islands, Pilgrim center, Sculptures. [Naduan (60 km): Palace, Boating, and Fishing. Rewalsar (24 km): Pilgrim center of all faiths, Lake.] Nahan: Hill station, Temples. “Narkanda: View of Himalayan Peaks. Nurpur: Fort, Handlooms. Palampur: Hill station, Plantations.[Baijnath (15 km): Temples, Scenic beauty] Paonta Sahib: Sikh pilgrim center, Fort. Renuka: Sacred lake, Lake-side Wildlife Sanctuary, Fair- November, Handicrafts. Shimla: Year-round Holiday resort, Meadows and Forests, Handicrafts. [ Chharabra (13 km): Scenic beauty, Gardens. Kufri (16 km): Winter sports resort area. “Mashobra (13 km): Hiking. Picnic spot. “Naldera (19 km): Golf, Fair in June. Tattapani (50 km): Sulphur springs. The (32 km): Trout fishing. Wild Flower Hall (7 km): Floral beauty.] Solan: Hill station. Climate: Summer: 33°-14°C Winter: 15-0°C Monsoon: July to September. Best Season: Summer: April to October. Winter: December to February. Festivals: Minja Mela (April), Dussehra, Jwala Mukhi Mela (October), Diwali (October/November).

Jammu & Kashmir

The crown of India, this state is bounded on the north by Afghanistan and China, on the east by Tibet, on the south by Himachal Pradesh & Punjab, and on the west by Pakistan. The state of Jammu & Kashmir had earlier also been ruled by Afghans from 1756 to 1819 after which it came under the Sikh kingdom of Punjab. In 1846 Ranjit Singh made over Kashmir to Maharaja Gulab Singh. Later British supremacy was recognized until the territory of Jammu the Indian Incidence Act of 1947. When all the states decided on accession to India or Pakistan. Kashmir asked for a standstill with both. In the meantime, the state became the subject of armed attack from Pakistan and Maharaja acceded to India on 26th October 1947 by signing the instruments of accession. Another round of war between the two countries in 1965 and 1971 was followed by the Shimla Agreement in July 1972. A new line of control was delineated bilaterally to replace the cease-fire line between the two countries. This “Paradise on Earth” is studded with a number of hill stations offering the tourists a leisurely or adventurous holiday amidst breathtaking scenery. The state has a very rich history and a distinct culture. It has some of the most sacred Temples, Mosques, Monasteries, and Caves. Agriculture is the mainstay of the state’s economy. The second important occupation is the tradition of crafting papier mache, wood carving, carpets, and shawls
making. Kashmir handicrafts are exported the world over.

Places of Interest(Towns with good accommodation)

Achabal Gardens, Camping, Fishing. [Kokernag (13 km): Mineral springs, Spa.] Akhnur: Fort. Amarnath Major pilgrim center, Emerald Lake frozen till June. (Sheshnag (19 km): Lake, Glaciers.] Anantnag Sacred Spring. Gardens. Athwatoo Holiday Station. Basoli: Frescoes, Temples. Bilaur: Pilgrim Center. Batoti: Hill station. Dachigam: Wildlife Sanctuary. Dras: Coldest place in Asia. Ganderbal: Riverside spa. Gulmarg The Meadow of Flowers, Holiday resort, Golf, Winter sports. [Khilanmarg (4 km): Meadow of flowers. Tangmarg (6 km): Camping site.] Hardware: Excavations, Fishing, Jammu Temples, Palaces, Art Gallery, Fort, Tombs, Museum. (Mansar Lake (40 km): Picnic spot. Purmandal (39 km): Hindu pilgrim center.] Kargil Base for Trekking, Mountaineering, and Orchards. [Lamayuru (80 km) Oldest monastery, Frescoes. Mulbekh Summer Dance Festivals. Patnitop (8 km): Picnic spot, Sudh Mahadev murals in the temple, Fair.] Leh Palaces, nearby Buddhist monasteries, Mosque, highest Airport and Golf course in the world, Handicrafts, Cuisine. Trekking. [Alchi Gompa (72 km): Murals. Hemis Gompa (50 km): The biggest and richest Buddhist monastery in Ladakh. Spitok Gompa (5 km): Monastery of the head Lama of Ladakh.] Martin: Sun Temple, sacred Spring.Gardens. Pahalgam: Holiday resort, Saffron fields. [Aru (11 km): Meadow, Woods. Kolhoi Glacier (36 km): Scenic beauty. Lidderwat (23 km): Meadows, Camping site, Trekking.] Ramnagar: Palace, Ramnagar Wildlife Sanctuary. Sonamarg: Meadows of Gold’, Flowers, Lakes, Camping site. [Gangabal (64 km): Lake-side Hindu pilgrim center.] Srinagar Lakes, Gardens, Temples, Mosques, [Anchar Lake (10 km): 9 km): Waterfalls with
healing properties, Gardens, Picnic spot by Dal Lake. Khírbhawani (23 km): Hindu pilgrim center. Manasbal Lake (35 km): Bird-watching, Lotuses. Tasrar Shal Shrine is sacred to Musd Hindus. Wular Lake (47 km): Fishing, largest freshwater lake in Asia.] Tarsar Lake is a Scenic beauty. Verlag Spring.Gardens. Vaishnodevi Hindu Pilgrim Center. [ Katra (14 km): Base for Vaishnodevi, Forts, Shrines.) Matlab: Camping site by Wular Lake. Yusmarg: Camping site on the beautiful meadow. Climate: Summer: Jammu – 35°C Srinagar -30°C Winter: Jammu – below 20°C Srinagar – below 0°C Monsoon June to September. The Best Season is April to October. Festivals: Shivaratri Mela (February/March), Spring Festival (April/May), Hemis (June), Amarnath Yatra (July/August), Diwali (October/November). Hazratbal Mosque. Charar-i-Sharif (28 km): Muslim pilgrim center. Chahi (9 km Important Distances in Kilo.

Jharkhand

Jharkhand, formerly a part of united Bihar, was carved out of the southern 18 districts and became the 28th state of the Indian federation on 15th November 2000. The new state is fortunate, in that it is rich in mineral resources and also came away with most of the big industries from the division of the former united Bihar. The population of the state is dominated by a number of tribes, each of which has its own distinct and colorful culture. The main tribes are the Santhals, Hos, Mundas, and Oraons. Another important asset of the region is its vast forest cover with rich flora and fauna. There are also a few important engineering and medical colleges in the state. The region has a very good potential for all-around growth. The history and traditions of the region date back to the earliest dawn of human civilization. The rule of Mithila king Janak is mentioned in the Upanishads. The region was known as Magadha which can be found in later Vedic literature. Lord Mahavira and Gautam Buddha were contemporaries of the sixth century B.C. kingdom of Bimbisara. His dynasty was followed by the Nanda dynasty. Then came the mighty rule of the Mauryan empire. The most illustrious king of this dynasty was Chandragupta Maurya and his grandson Ashoka. After the decline of the Mauryan empire, many small dynasties followed up like the Sunga, Kanva, and Pala dynasties. Samudragupta and Chandragupta Vikramaditya were the great rulers belonging to this dynasty. After the rule of many petty kings, the region came under the Mughal rule. After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the region came under the Nawab of Bengal. The region in 1765 came under British rule but not before giving stiff resistance. The region is also connected to the ‘Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 of the pre-independence era. Later as the country gained its freedom, Bihar province stepped into an era of independence. And most recently the state of Jharkhand was created by separating its southern part.

Places of Interest

Bokaro Steel City. Konar (24 km): Dam-site picnic spot.] Locomotives. Deoghar: Hindu pilgrim center, Dhanbad(Towns with good accommodation) Chittaranjan: Industrial center, Manufacturer of Coal Capital, Research Institutes. [Topchanchi (35 km): Lake-side picnic spot, Boating, Wildlife sanctuary, Season – October to June.] Dumka: Scenery, quiet Vacation spot. Ghatshila: Scenery, quiet Vacation spot, nearby Copper mine. Hazaribag: Hazaribag Sanctuary (19 km), rich Birdlife, Season October to April, Holiday resort. Jasidih: Rose Garden. Jamshedpur: ‘Steel City’, India’s planned City, Industrial Center, Gardens, Kodarma: Mica Capital. Madhupur: Spa, Holiday station, Season October to December. Maithon (16 km): Dam-site picnic spot.] Netarhat: Hill station in a forest setting, Bathing pools, and Waterfalls. Palamau Dam-site holiday resort, Yachting, Parks. [ Tanchet Mandu National Park, Tiger Reserve Sanctuary, Season October to May. Parasnath: The most sacred Jain pilgrim center, also a major shrine of the Santhal Tribals. Rajmahal: Fort, Antiquities. Ranchi Hill resort, Spa, nearby Temples, Waterfalls, Picnic spots, Tribal area. Sindri: Industrial center, Lake, Boating. Tilaiya: Dam- site picnic spot.Climate: Summer: 47°-20°C Winter: 22°-10°C Monsoon: June to September Best Season: October to March.  Festivals Mahashivratri (February/March). Holi (March), Shravani Mela (July/August), Dussehra, Durga Puja (October), Diwali, Chhatth (October/November), and Tribal Festivals.

Karnataka

The name is Karnataka is derived from ‘Karunadu’, literally, lofty land as it is situated on the western edge of the Deccan plateau and opens out on the Arabian Sea. Karnataka has seen many great empires like the Maurya Empire in the 4th century B.C. Other great dynasties have been the Satavahanas, the Kadambas, the Chalukyas, the Yadavas the Hoysalas, and the great Vijayanagar empire in the 14th century. In 1399 A.D. Yaduraya, the ruler of Mysore founded the Wodeyar dynasty. Raja Wodeyar (1578-1612) enlarged the principality into a mighty kingdom but was overthrown by Hyder Ali, the intrepid Muslim general of Mysore. With the defeat of Tippu Sultan, the son of Hyder Ali, by the British, the Wodeyars were restored to power as a feudatory of the British. The formation of the present state represented the fulfillment of the age-old aspiration of Kannada-speaking people to come together in a single state. Formerly known as Mysore, the name was changed to Karnataka on 1st November 1973. Karnataka is predominantly rural and agrarian. There are a number of big industries. The state is well known for its grand palaces, beautiful gardens, ornate temples, and historical monuments. Its attractions are varied and diverting. The Garden City of Bengaluru is also called the ‘Silicon Valley of India. Mysuru is famous for the Dussehra festival. Belur, Halebidu, and Hampi are known for their magnificent temples.

Places of Interest(* Towns with good accommodation)

Ravalli (Aihole): Temples, Sculpture, Caves. Badami: Temples, Sculpture, Fort, Caves. Bandipur: National Park. Bengaluru: Fun city with restaurants, nightclubs, and cinemas aplenty. But still a Garden City, Museums, Handicrafts, Palaces, Temples, an Aquarium, a Fort, a Lake, and horse racing. “Silicon Valley” of India. [Bannerghatta National Park (28 km): Wildlife sanctuary. Chamrajnagar (199 km): Picnic spot. Ramohalli (28 km): Giant Banyan tree.] Belagavi: Fort. [ Ghataprabha (60 km): Wildlife Sanctuary. Gokak (90 km): Waterfalls.] Bhadravati: Industrialcentre. Towers. Channapatna: Handicrafts. Bidar: Forts, Mosques. Bijapur: Muslim culture and architecture, Gol Gumbaz, Mosques, Mausoleum,*Chikkamangaluru: Coffee plantations, Forests, Hill station. [Baba Budan (26 km): Hindu & Muslim pilgrim center. Kemmannugundi (56 km): Hill station.] Chitradurga: Fort, Temples. Dandeli: Wildlife sanct. Mundgod Waterfalls nearby. Dharmastala Hindu pilgrim center. Dharwad University town. Gokaran: Temples, Beach. Kalaburagi: Fort, Mosques, Temples. Halebidu (Hassan 31 km)Ancient Hoysala sculpture & architecture, Temples. Hampi (Munirabad): Believed to be the capital of Bali and
Sugreeva, ‘monkey kings’ of the epic Ramayana, Also the Vijayanagar capital, 14 sq. km. of ruins of Temples, Palaces, and Forts. Jog Falls: Waterfalls, Spa. Karwar: Beaches, Fishing. Kolar: Gold Mines. Madikeri: Hill station, Fort, Palaces, Plantations. Mangaluru: Temples, Port. [Panambul (10 km): Beach, Port. Suratakal (25)
km): Beach. Ullal (16 km): Beach.] Mudabidri: Jain Temples, SculptureS. Mysore: City of Palaces, Gardens, Zoo, Museums, Church, Food Institute, Silk Factory, Sandal Oil factory, and Art Gallery. [Chamundi (13 km): Temples,Nandi sculpture. Krishnarajasagara: Brindavan Gardens, Special lighting. Ranganathittu Sanctuary (16 km): Bird sanctuary Shrirangapattana (16 km): Tippu Sultan’s island Capital, Palaces, Forts, Frescoes, Mosques.]*Nagarahole: Wildlife Park. Nandi Hills: Health resort, Pilgrim center. Nanjangud: Temples. Pataskala: Temples, Sculpture. “Raichur: Fort. Shravanabelagola: Jain pilgrim center, 18-meter tall Gomateswara statue, Frescoes. * Sivasamudram: Waterfalls, Temple. Somanathpur: Temple. Sringeri Temples. Tala Kaveri: Hindu pilgrim center, Source of river Kaveri. Tumakuru: Nearby pilgrim centres. [Kaidala (5 km), Kyatsandra (6 km), Devarayadurga (14 km)]. Tungabhadra Dam-site holiday resort.Udupi: Hindu pilgrim center, Cuisine.[Malpe (6 km): Beach. Manipal (5 km): Health resort. Maravanthe (34 km): Beach, Surfing.] Climate: Summer: 35°-26°C Winter: 25°-14°C Monsoon: June to September best season October to April. Festival: Makar Sankranti, Ugadi, Ram Navami, Karaga, Dussehra.

Kerala and Lakshadweep (C.T.)

KERALA The pain trees that Vasco da Game once mistook for people waving in welcome*gentle breeze that was its way here from the Arabian Sea And, like the wint, other influences mingle with my and memory To form a reality that is best characterized by Kochi, the chief port of Kerala Koss the Go of the Arabian Sea, Kochi has been a pont of call for ships ever since the 6th century which pr accounts for its being a mosaic of Hindu, Jewish, Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese and Islamic coffres (with good Kerala is one of the most beautiful states sandwiched between the Western Ghats on the wed Arabian Sea on the west Kerala has notified tourism as an industry it offers one of the best beaches in  country at Kovalam and one of the finest wildlife sanctuaries the Pariyar Wadife Sanctuary Thekkady The state is an abode of temples, mosques, and churches Alleppey (Alappuzha) is known as the Venice of the Ea And once a year, its canal banks are thronged with cheering crowds, as Kerala’s sleek snacks trots vis another to win the Prime Minister’s Trophy Kerala is also known for its various classical dance forms like the dance drama Kathakali, the dance of the enchantress Mohiniyattam and Thullal, the solo dance son LAKSHADWEEP The tiniest Union Territory of India Lakshadweep, an archipelago of Hundred Those Islands in the Arabian Sea te 325 km to the west of Kerala. It consists of a cluster of Sweis stools, three re, and five submerged banks Of its 36 islands only 10 are inhabited. The palm-bedecked coral islands with wide sandy beaches have made them away from it all beach resorts Bitra is the smallest of all and Sengeram island with a total area of 20.2 sq km, which was previously uninhabited at present has a population of 61 people.

Places of Interest

Alappuzha The Venice of India, Terminus of inland waterways, Onam snake boat race (Aug/Sept) Alus Industrial town, Pilgrim center, Swimming Kozhikode Historical port where Vasco da Gama landed, Churches Mosques, Handloom Kallal Timber yards) Cheruthuruthy Kathakali and Mohiniattam dance cert Ernakulam Twin cities, Fort Cochin Oldest European settlement in India, Churches (Vasco-de-Gamas festival Feb/March tomb), Chinese fishing nets, Jew Town, Palaces, Museum. Guruvayur Hindu pilgrim center, Krishnattam Dance Birthplace of Adi Shankaracharya, Pilgrim Center, Kannur Fort, Beach Handloom, Minor Port, Palace Kodungallur Historic town, Kottapuram where St. Thomas the Apostle landed Fort, Palace, Temples Kollam Start of Inland waterways, Palaces, Pagoda boats (Thangesseri (3 km) Lighthouse, Old Dutch, Portuguese and English cemeteries, Fort nuances) Kottayam Churches, Synan Christian pilgrim center, Cultural center Kovalam Major Beach resort, Catamaran riding Mahe Part of Puducherry UTonce French India, Beach Malampuzha Fionic site by Dam, Gardens, River Cruise, Fish farms. Munnar Hill station, Plantations, Golf course. Primed Hill resort, Plantations Pon Mudi H station, Spa, Tee Estates Sabarimala Hindu pilgrim center, Temple festival in Dec Jan Sultan Battery Hill station, Coffee plantations Fort Waynad Plantations Waynad Wadife Sanct] Thekkadi Penyar Nat Park Tiger Reserve Thrissur Temples Pooram festival (Elephant umbrella competition), Culture center, Zoo, Fort Palace, Churches Thiruvananthapuram Temples, Palaces, Zoo, Art Gallery, Museum, Golf Course, Aquarium (Neyyar Dam (19 km) Vaikam Temple Varkala Temple, Samadi of Sn Narayana Guru, Mineral springs [ Anjengo Beach (10 km Climate Summer 35-21°C Winter 35-21°C Monsoon June to September Best Season November to April Festivals Pooram (April/May), Onam, Boat race (August/Sept), Mahanavmi (October), Diwali (Oct/Nov.) Andreotti Island Black magic tradition, Religious tourism (Muslims), Bangaram Island Beach resort, Soule diving, Season December to April. Kavaratti Island Capital of the Union Territory, Bathing Beach by the Pitti Leland Island sanctuary of Sea-birds lagoon, a Marine life paradise, a Mosque, and Water sports. Minicoy Island is a Famous old lighthouse, Lagoons.

Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh, as its name implies, lies in the heart of India. This second-largest state consists largely of a plateau streaked with hill ranges of the Vindhya and the Satpura. The main river systems are the Chambal, Betwa, Sindh, Narmada, and Tapti. Nearly a third of the state’s area is covered with tropical forests that offer a unique and exciting panorama of wildlife. Although the modern state of Madhya Pradesh came into being on November 1, 1956, its cultural heritage is ancient and chequered. Innumerable monuments – exquisitely carved temples, stupas, forts, and palaces on hilltops – raise in the visitor’s mind visions of empires and kingdoms, of great warriors and builders, poets, musicians, saints, and philosophers, of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Islam. Historical and natural grandeur apart, the people of the state are no less colorful. It has the largest population of Scheduled Tribes. This large state with diverse people from one corner to the other presents a cross-section of handicrafts. Customs and beliefs in each area have added color to the fairs and festivals.

Places of Interest (* Towns with good accommodation)

*Amarkantak: Source of the Narmada, Temples, Pilgrim Center. Asirgarh: Fort, Temple. Bagh: Murals in Buddhist rock-cut caves. Bandhavgarh Fort, Cave inscriptions, Ruins, White Tiger area, National Park, Game-viewing, Birdlife, Season February to June. Bhopal Palaces, Gardens, Forts, Mosques (including India’s biggest, Taj-ul-Masjid), Lakes, Museum. (Bhimbetka (50 km): Cave paintings (neolithic age). Bhojpur (28 km) Temple. Child (45 km): Lake-side, Palace, Gardens. Delaware (62 km): Forest, Picnic spot. Islamnagar (11 km): Palace, Gardens.] Burhanpur: Fort, Palace. Chanderi: Antiquities, Fort, Handloom brocade sarees, Mosque. Datia: Palace, Temple, Frescoes. Dhar: Fort, Mosques, Lakes. Ginnuragarh: Fort, Palaces. Gwalior: Palaces, Temples, Forts, Tombs, Handicrafts, Museums, Zoo. [ Tigra (18 km): Dam-site picnic spot.] Indore: Palaces, Museums, Temples, Gardens. Jabalpur Major railway junction, nearby Temples and Forts, Waterfalls. [Bheraghat (23 km): Marble Rocks, Scenic spots, Cruising in the gorge, Temples, Boating in the moonlight.] Kanha: Wildlife National Park, Season – April to June and November to January. Khajuraho Architecture, Sculptures, Temples, ancient Capital, nearby Picnic spots, Shivratri Fair – February/March [Gangau (34 km): Dam, Wildlife sanctuary.] Maheshwar: Antiquities, Pilgrim center, Temples, Weaving center. Mandla Lake, Temples, Tribal, Forests. Mandu: Ghost City, spectacular Ruins of ancient Palaces, Forts, Mosques, and Tombs. Muktagiri: Jain Temples, Pilgrimcentre. Nagda Temples. Nowgong: Fort, Monuments, Museum. Onkar Mandhata Orchha: Ancient Capital, Palaces, Temples, and Forts still preserved. Temples, Hindu pilgrim center. Hills, Caves, Bathing pools. Panna: Only Diamond Mines in India. Rewa Pachmarhi Hill resort, Trekking in the Satpura (32 km): Waterfall Palaces, home of the White Tiger. [Chachai
Scenic beauty.] Sanchi: Stupas, major Buddhist pilgrim center, Buddhist Art, Excavations, Museums, Buddha Jayanti Festival in April/May. [Pipaliya (12 km): Stupa ruins. Raisen (22kms): Fort, Lakes. Ramadan and Singhori Sanctuaries in Raisen District. Satdhara (10 km): Stupa ruins. Udayagiri (7 km): Hindu and Jain cave carvings.] *
Shivpuri Holiday resort, Lakes, Temples, Picnic spots, Monuments, Spa. Udayapur: Temple. center, Temples, ancient observatory, Palaces, Ruins, and Kumbh Mela festival once in 12 years. Vidisha: Fort, Sculpture. Ujjain Major Hindu pilgrim Climate: Summer: 48°-22°C Winter 23°-4°C Monsoon June to September Best Season October to April. Festivals: Basant Panchami (February), Mahashivratri, Holi (March), Ramnavami (March/April), Dussehra (October), Diwali(October/November), Tribal celebrations like Bhagoriya Haat in Jhabua.

Maharashtra and Dadra & Nagar Haveli ( U T )

MAHARASHTRA: Overlooking the Arabian Sea on its west, Maharashtra is the third largest state in India and stands second in terms of population. Historically, Maharashtra
dates back to the period of the Mahabharata as Vidarbha. The state also figures in history during the Mauryan Empire after which it was ruled by various Hindu dynasties,
the last of which, the Yadavas, came under the succession of Muslim rulers in 1294. With the rise of Shivaji, Maharashtra became a powerful Maratha Kingdom until the fall
of the Peshwas at the hands of the Afghan ruler Ahmed Shah Abdali. They recovered only to be defeated by the British power in 1818 to form the Bombay Presidency. The
present state was formed on May 1, 1960. About 70 percent of the people in Maharashtra depend on agriculture. But it is also one of the most industrially and commercially
developed areas of India. This is not alone, you can find here hundreds of shrines of all faiths and the artistic skills of people nowhere more evident than in its cave temples, Apart from culture and history, Maharashtra offers a traveler idyllic bliss in a land blessed by nature. Quiet and beautiful hill stations, secluded palm-shaded golden beaches, and dense monsoon forests with varied flora and fauna created as it were only for a relaxing holiday. Mumbai is the Hollywood of India as far as film production is concerned. Climate: Summer: 39°-22°C Winter: 34°-12°C Monsoon: June to October Best Season: September to March. Festivals: Mahashivratri (February/March), Holi (March), GudiPadva (March/April), Ganesh Chaturthi, Gokulashtami (August/September), Dussehra (October) Diwali (October/November), Ellora Festival (November/December).
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI lie near the west coast surrounded by the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The territory was originally assigned to the Portuguese by the Marathas in 1799 and was ruled by them till its liberation in 1954. On 11th August 1961, the territory was integrated into the Indian Union. Climate Summer 41° C -27° C, Winter 29° C -14° C Monsoon June to September Season: October to March. Festivals: Kite Festival (January), Tribal Art and Food Festival (May), Monsoon Magic Festival (July/August), Nariyeli Poornima (August), Tarpa Festival (December),

Places of Interest*(DAΝΑ)

(* Towns with good accommodation)Ahmadnagar: Fort, Tombs. Ajanta Frescoes and Sculptures in Buddhist caves. Alandi Pilgrim Center. Alibag Beach. Amravati Temples, Cotton market. * Aurangabad: Monuments, Buddhist Cave Temples, Silks, Watermill. [Daulatabad (13 km): Fort. Ellora (29 km): Cave shrines, Magnificient Sculptures. Khuldabad (25 km): Tombs.]* Bhandardara: Hill station, Temple, Fort, Lake, Waterfalls, Bird Sanctuary. Mumbai Museums, Parks, Temples, Sports, Art Galleries, Shopping, Cuisine, Financial Capital of India, India’s Hollywood, Planetarium, Churches, Beaches, Tombs, Racecourse, and Aquarium. [Borivali (35 km): Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Elephanta (10 km) Cave Temples. Juhu Beach.* Kanheri (4 km) Buddhist Caves. Madh (45 km) Beach. Manori (40 km): Beach. Marve (38 km): Beach. Powai (27 km): Lake. Tulsi (41 km): Lake. Versova (14 km): Beach.]* Chikhaldara: Hill station, Fort.* Kolhapur Palaces, Temples, Leather footwear, Cultural and Wrestling center. [* Panhala (18 km): Temples, Fort, Hill station.]* Lonavala: Hill station, Yoga Institute, nearby Forts.* Bedsa (10 km) Buddhist caves and ruins. Karla (10 km): Cave shrines, Forts.* Khandala (5 km): Hill station, Waterfalls.]* Mahabaleshwar: Hill Resort, Temples, Lake, Waterfalls. [Pratapgarh (20 km): Fort. Wai (25 km): Temples.] * Matheran: Hill resort, Toy-train, Lake, Caves. Melghat Dhakna-Kolkaz Sanctuary. * Murud: Beach, Island Fortress, Palace. * Nagpur: ‘Orange Capital’, Fort, Gardens. [* Ramtek (40 km): Temples, Lakes.]* Nanded: Sikh pilgrim center, Fort. * Nashik: Temples, Festivals, Caves, Kumbh Mela. Nawegaon National Park, Birds, Lake. Paithan Temples, Handloom silks. Panchgani: Hill station. Pandharpur Temples. * Pune Palaces, Temples, Museums, Film Industry, Military, Gardens, Cultural cen.

NORTH EASTERN STATES

Nestled in the eastern Himalayas this region is abundant in natural beauty, wildlife, flora, and fauna, and its sister states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. From ancient colorful people. North-east of India is popularly known as “Seven Sisters”. It comprises seven contiguous times, India’s East has been the meeting place of many communities, faiths, and cultures. It is a place of magical beauty and bewildering diversity. The North East is different, in the lushness of its landscape, the range of communities, and geographical and ecological diversity, to most other parts of the sub-continent.

Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh, the Land of the Dawn-lit Mountains’, is India’s land of the rising sun. The state is entirely mountainous except for thin strips of flat land. Dense forests cover more than two-thirds of the territory. The population is predominantly tribal which consists of more than 20 tribes that speak their own tongues. The state vibrates the colorful life of hill people and throbs to the lively rhythm of their tribal music, dances, and customs. The recorded history of Arunachal Pradesh can be traced to when Ahom kings began to rule Assam in the 16th century. The region came under British control in 1838. Originally known as the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA), it was placed under the administration of the Union Government in 1948. It was declared a Union Territory under the name of Arunachal Pradesh on January 20, 1972. It was given full statehood on February 20, 1987.

Places of Interest(* Towns with good accommodate)

“Along (West Siang District): HNA Ashram, Tribal temples, nearby Waterfalls, Archaeological remains of Malinithan. Bhalukpong Nyethidow festival (March), Orchid centre. *Bhismak Nagar: Ruins of Temple and Fort. “Bomdila: Scenery, Buddhist temples, Handicrafts, Museum, visits to Rupa and Dhirang Valleys. Deomali: Tribal villages. Dirang: Kalchakra, Gompa, Hot Springs, Yak Research Centre. *Itanagar: Ruins of ancient Maysour nearby, Botanical gardens, Fishing, Buddhist temple, Dony-Polo tribal temple. Jengging: Pegu Lake, Maling National Park, Namcharua Peak. Manthan: Akashi-Ganga Waterfall, Ruins of temples. Miao: Mini Zoo, Namdapha National Park nearby. Parasuram Kund: Hindu pilgrim center, Fair on Makar Sankranti day, Lake. Pasighat: Scenery, Wildlife sanctuary, Folk festivals (April to May). Roing: Ruins of Bhismaknagar, Mayudia. *Tawang: Monastery, visit Selatop Pass. Tipi: Orchard centre. *Vijaya Nagar: Remains of a Buddhist center, Tribals. Ziro: High altitude fish farm, Crafts center. Climate: Summer: 22° C-21° C Winter: 12° C -3° C. Monsoon: June to September. Best Season: October to May (Entry permit from the Government is the necessary area for foreigners.) Festivals: Igu Dance Festival, Makar Sankranti (January), Nyethidow (March), Folk Festivals (April/May).

Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Nagaland

ASSAM is a land of lofty mountains, brilliant green valleys, thick forests teeming with wildlife, and gorgeous river scenery. extensive tea gardens and charming people who are heir to rich traditions of folklore, music, drama, and crafts. Geographically Assam may be divided into two important physical regions – the Barak Valley and the Brahmaputra Valley
The state receives rainfall between 178 and 305 cm, one of the highest in the world Climate: Summer: 35° C-18° C. Winter: 26° C -7° C. Monsoon: June to September. Best Season: October to May Festivals: Bohag Bihu (April), Durga Puja, Rangoli Bihu (September/October). MANIPUR: This “Land of Jewels” is a little paradise with its exotic scenery and mysticism. The land shelters Maithes and over two dozen other colorful tribes. The state boasts of a great wealth of wildlife. Manipur is rich in festivals, which
are boisterous feasts of music and dance. It is internationally famous for the graceful Manipuri dance. Not grace alone, but chivalry was a part of life in Manipur from where the royal game of polo spread all over the world. Manipur is also famed for its martial arts. Handlooms are a cottage industry. Orchids of more than 500 species are found in the state which is also the last known habitat of the ‘Sangai’ or dancing deer. Loktak Lake, the largest in the northeast is dotted with fumids or floating islands. Climate: Summer:29° C-14° C. Winter: 25° C-7° C. Monsoon: April to October. Best Season: November to May Festivals: Yaosang (February/March ), Cheiraoba (April), Lai Haraoba (April/May), Keikru Hitongba- boat races (September), Kwak Yatra (October), Ningol Chak Kouba (October/November), Christmas, Chumpha (December). Gan-Ngai (December/January). MEGHALAYA: The “abode of the clouds”, Meghalaya is the home of the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo tribes. These tribal communities are descendants of a very ancient people having distinct cultural traits and ethnic origins. It is a land of mirth, music, dances, and festivals. Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya is a lovely hill station with enchanting mountain scenery of the eastern Himalayas. It has been called “the Scotland of the East” because of its elevation (1496 m above sea level). Climate: Summer: 25° C-15° C. Winter: 16° C-4° C. Monsoon: June to September. Best Season: October to March. Festivals: Wangla (June), Shad-suk Mynsiem (April), Christmas (December).
NAGALAND is a narrow strip of mountainous territory between the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam and Myanmar on its east. The climate is cool and bracing and in season, the landscape is a riot of color – wildflowers, thick forests, huge trees, tall grass, a wide variety of wild animals and brilliantly colored birds. The Naga inhabitants are of Indo-Mongoloid stock that consists of over 16 tribes, each with its dialect, customs, and habits, a common bond is their love of music, dance, pomp, and pageantry. Climate: Summer: 24° C-13° C. Winter: 18° C -6°C. Monsoon: May to September. Best Season: November to March (Entry permit from Government is necessary – Restricted area for foreigners). Festivals: Sekrenyie (February), Tuluni (8th July), Tsungrem Mong (August), Tokhu Émong (7th November), Christmas (December).

Places of Interest(* Towns with good accommodation)

ASSAM: “Barpeta: Temples. “Chandubi: Lake. Darranga: Foothills, Oranges, Bhutia Fair. “Dibrugarh: River Port, Tea Estates. “Digboi: Industrial center. “Dispur: Vet. Research Institute. Goalpara: Wildlife Sanctuary. “Guwahati: Museums, Temples, Commercial town, Peacock temple, Zoo. [“Basistha (12 km): Pilgrim center. Sualkuchi (25 km): Handloom silks.] “Hajo: Pilgrim Center. “Jorhat: Gateway to North and Tribal Country, Tea Capital’. “Kaziranga: National Park. Majuli: World’s largest river island. “Manas: Tiger reserve. “Nowgong: Commercial town. [“Bardua: Pilgrim center. Dobka (48 km): Ruins, capturing Elephants (Kheddas)] “Orang: Wildlife sanctuary. Pabitora: Wildlife reserve. “Sibsagar: Fort, Temples, Ahom antiquities nearby, Lakes. Silchar: Temples.

Mizoram and Tripura

HE MIZORAM The name Mizoram means “the land of the highlanders in the local language. Perched like ale sentinel on the tip of the northeastern border of India, picturesque Mizoram is the amalgam of the former north and the Lushal hill districts of Assam. This hill people’s land is a land of great natural beauty, an endless variety of lands
with rich fauna and flora. Predominantly tribal, most of the people built their villages atop hills and ridges. Though mostly Christians, the hill people have kept alive their rich cultural heritage, gay colourful customs, and lively traditions Popular pastimes of the young include Chirao, Khun Lam, and other tribal and western dances accompanied by ne
Instruments and occasional Spanish guitar. Mizoram is a botanist’s paradise as there are many kinds of orchids, wildflowers, and herbs, apart from the c 300 varieties of butterflies, with colors matching those of the many birds and the traditional attire of the people special place goes to the intricately woven traditional shawls. Other traditional crafts include utility and decora objects made of bamboo and cane. Climate: Summer: 29° C-18°C. Winter: 24° C-11° C. Monsoon: June to September. Best Season: October toy
(An entry permit from the Government is necessary for foreigners.) Festivals: Chapchar Kut (Spring festival)-(March), Anthurium (April), MimKut(August/September), Phafavang (Harvest festival) and Thalfavang Kut (Autumn festival)-(November), Bamboo festival, Christmas (December).TRIPURA It is the second smallest state in India. Tripura was a state of great antiquity having been ruled by Maharajas for 1,300 years before it acceded to the Indian Union on October 15, 1949. It was formally declared an Ur Territory and elevated to the status of a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972. Tripura is a tiny world of hills and dai dense forests, undulating grassland, murmuring rivulets, and ancient monuments. Nesting in the wooded valley Tripura is a large tribal community, which is fiercely proud of its rich culture and heritage. This is manifest in char handicrafts made from bamboo, cane, palm leaves, and wood. Music and dance are an integral part of the community In this land of Fourteen Gods, tradition is seen in the celebration of feasts and festivals. Climate: Summer: 35° C-24° C. Winter 27 C-13° C. Monsoon: June to August. Best Season: September to March
Festivals Dol Jatra (March), Durga Puja (October), Orange Festival – Jampui Hills (November), Diwali (October November), Kharchi Puja, Ganga Puja.

Places of Interest(Towns with good accommodation)

MIZORAM: “Aizawl: Capital of State, Scenic beauty, Fruits, Museum, Cultural center, Weaving center, Handicrafts, Zoo. Champhal: View of hills of Myanmar. Dampa Sanctuary: Wildlife. Kolasib: Bairabi Hydel Project, angling Lohawka: Wildlife sanctuary. Lunglei: Hill station rich in flora and fauna, Home of the Lakher tribals. Ngengpul
Wildlife sanctuary. Phawngpul: Highest peak in the state, Rich flora, National Park, Trekking, Camping and adventure tours. Saiha: Lake, Scenic beauty, Angling, Picnic spot. [Palak Dil (130 km): Wildlife Sanctuary, Lake ] Tamdil: Lake, Picnic-spot. “Thenzwal: Hill station. Vantawng: Highest waterfall in Mizoram. TRIPURA: “Agartala: Capital of State, Palaces, Temples, Lakes, Museum, Handicrafts, Cultural Center. [Old Agartala (8 km): Temple, Palace. Radhakishorepur (80 km): Temple, Palace. Rudrasagar (Melaghar) (55 km): Palace, Lake, Boating “Sipahijala (35 km): Forest reserve, Zoological and Botanical garden, Lake. Udaipur (55 km): Ancient capital, Temples) Deotamura: Carved images on hills and excavations. “Dumbur Waterfalls, Lake, Boating, Fruits, Tirthamukh, a Hindu pilgrim center nearby. Jampul: Hill range, Scenic beauty, Tribals, Land of eternal spring. Kanchanpur: Buddhist temple. Kamala Sagar: Kali temple atop a hill, Lake. Kumanrghat: Pineapples. Manu Bakul: Buddhist temple. Pilak: Ancient Buddhist sculptures. Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary: Rich in flora and fauna. Trishna: Wildlife sanctuary. Unakoti: Rock cut sculptures.

Punjab

The word “Punjab” is made up of two Persian words “Panj” and “Aab”, Panj means five and Aab means water. Lying north-west of India, Punjab has had to take a lot of battle rings from the invaders. Punjab emerges into history with the coming of the Aryans into India. Since then the land has seen the advent of Darius of Persia in 522
B.C., Alexander the Great in 326 B.C., Chandragupta Maurya, the Scythians, the Parthians, the Kushans, and the Mughals from the 10th century A.D. to Nadir Shah in 1738, and Ahmed Shah Abdali in 1748, 1750 and 1751. Punjab had the worst of all these invasions. The Sikh faith, which played a decisive role in the creation of a Punjabi-speaking state, came into being during a period of religious revival in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was founded as a new religious order by Guru Nanak and was followed by nine Gurus. The subsequent 200 years witnessed the growth of Sikhism. Punjab was annexed to British India in March 1849. With the partition of India, Punjab was divided between India and
Pakistan as East Punjab and West Punjab. The Punjab state was finally founded on November 1, 1966, and is one of the most lively states in India. An ancient land, the cradle of civilizations, and a melting pot of world cultures, Punjab has an amazing wealth of old and new tourist destinations. Punjab is a traveler’s dream, a gourmet’s paradise, a shopper’s delight, a sportsman’s inspiration, a musician’s mecca, a dancer’s delight. It is the land of pilgrimage, archaeological dig
palaces, museums, and historical sites. Sword arm of India, Punjab is the freedom fighter’s home. Punjab is the animal husbandry, poultry, and horticulture center of India.

Places of Interest(Towns with good accommodation,

Amritsar: Sacred city of the Sikhs, The Golden Temple, Shrines, Gardens, Fort, Museums. [Ram Tirath (10 km) Temples, Hindu pilgrim center, Birthplace of Lav and Kush (of the epic Ramayana). Taran Taran (22 kms): Sikh shrine.] Anandpur Sahib: Temples, Fort, Holla Mohalla festival. Bathinda: Fort. Chandigarh: See Chandigarh Union Territory. Dera Baba Jaimal Singh Ashram colony of all faiths. Dera Baba Nanak: Sikh pilgrim centre. Dholbaha: Temple, Antiquities. Faridkot: Fort. Govindwal Sikh Pilgrim Centre. Hoshiarpur Murals, Vedic research center Jalandhar: Sports goods and publishing center, major Music Festival in December [Phillaur Fort.] Kapurthala: Palace, Temple, Mosque. Kiratpur Sahib: Sikh pilgrim centre. Ludhiana: Major center of small-scale industry, ‘Hosiery Capital’, Fort. Nangal: Dam-site picnic spot, Temple, Agricultural University. Neelon Holiday Resort. Pathankot: Gateway to Jammu & Kashmir and the valleys of Himachal Pradesh.[Shahpur (7 kms): Fort, Muslim Antiquities.] Patiala: Palace and Museum, Fort, National Institute of Sports, Gardens, Art Gallery. [ Saifabad (6 kms): Fort.] Rupnagar: Archaeological site, Boating and fishing on the lake. [Sanghal (32 km): Major Archaeological site going back to the Harappan period.] Sangrur: Gardens, Antiquities, and Sikh holy places nearby. Sultanpur: Sikh pilgrim centre, Temples Sirhind: Sikh and Muslim shrines, Lake-side Garden serai in the historic town of Aam Khas Bagh (5 km). Wagah: Cross-over point for Pakistan. Climate Summer: 45°-35°C Winter: 14°-0°C Monsoon: July to September Best Season: October to March Festivals: Lohri (January), Holi (March), Hola Mohalla (March/April), Baisakh(April), Diwali(October/November), Guru Purab (November).

Rajasthan

Rajasthan, the biggest state in the country, came into being by the Union of 22 princely states and the integration of the former state of Ajmer. The Aravalli hills divide the state into two portions. The North-western Portion is almost entirely a vast expansion of desert. On the other side, the southeastern region has a varied terrain of extensive hill ranges, fertile tableland, and dense forests. Rajasthan, formerly known as Rajputana, presents a different image from the rest of India. This vibrant land, with the heroism, chivalry, and valor of its residuals Rajputs fills many thrilling and colorful pages of our history. The strong and lively people here have a tradition of art and craft so rich and colorful that the land is today a tourist paradise. The colorful heritage is reflected in fairs and festivals which are the manifestation of the people’s participation with nature’s changing moods, and the traditions of the mythical past.

Places of Interest(Towns with good accommodation)

Ajmer: Dargah of Saint Moinuddin Chisti, Mayo (Princes’) College, Museum, Fort, Lake. (Foy Sagar (8 kms): Lake-side picnic spot. Pushkar Lake (11 km): Pilgrim entre, Camel fair in Oct./Nov.] Alwar: Fort, Palace, Museum. [ Siliserh (13 km) Palace, Lake, Fishing, Waterbirds.] Bar Halfway House between Jaipur and Jodhpur. Bayana: Fort.] Behror Halfway house between Delhi and Jaipur. Bharatpur: Fort, Palace, Museum. [Deeg (35 km): Palaces, Forts, Gardens. Keoladeo National Park (2 km): Largest waterbird sanctuary. in India.] Bikaner Fort, Palace, Museum, Desert Town, Handicrafts, Temples, Camel Farm (17 km). [Deshnok (32 km): Karni Devi Temple. Gajner (32 kms): Wildlife sanct.] Bundi Fortress Palace overlooking lakes. Bijolia (43 kms): Temples, Fort, Sculpture. Chittaurgarh: “City of Valour’, Temples, Palaces, Fort, Marble Memorial, Tower of Famous historical Desert resort, Sand dunes. Haldi Ghat Victory Churu battlefield. Jaipur: The Pink City’, a fine example of Medieval Town Planning.
Forts, Palaces, ancient Observatory, Handicrafts, Museums. [Amer (11 kms) Palace, Temples. Gaitor (8 kms): Cenotaphs and Palace. Galta (10 kms): MineralSprings. Jamwa Ramgarh (30 kms): Lake-side picnic spot, Bird-watching, Wildlife Sanct. Sanganer (16 kms): Famous Textile block-printing center, Temples, Ruins of Palaces.] Jaisalmer: Desert Town, Palace, Fort, Jain Temples, Library, Mansions, Citadel, Cenotaphs, Camel and Sheep’s hair handicrafts. [Akal (wood) Fossil Park (17 km): 180 million-year-old fossils. Sam (40 kms): and dunes, Camel safari.] Jaisamand: Largest artificial lake in Asia, Boating, Fishing, marble Palace, Tribal area, Wildlife and Jodhpur Forts, Museum, Handicrafts, Cenotaphs, Temple. (Mandoor (8 km): Ruins of Palaces and Temples.] Kankroli: Rajsamand Lake, Temples. Kota Industrial Centre, City Walls, Museums. [Baroli (48 kms): OldTemple complex. Darah (60 kms): Wildlife sanct. Jhalrapatan (60 kms): Old Cave Temples.] Kumbl Citadel, Fort, Temples. Mahwah: Halfway house between Jaipur and Agra. Mount Abu: Hill Resort Lake, Temples, Parks, Gardens, Boating. [Achalgarh (8 km): Fort, Temples, Lake. Dilwara (3 km and Pilgrim Centre.] Nagaur Fort, Murals in Temple, largest Camel fair. Osiyan: Ancient Temple dunes Pilani: Educational Centre. Pokaran: Fort. Ranakpur: Jain Temple complex, Sculptures. Fort, National Park, Tiger Reserve. Ratanpur: Halfway house between Udaipur and Ahmedabad. Sa salt lake in India. Sariska: Wildlife sanct. Sawai Madhopur: Kaila Devi Wildlife Sanct. Surat Ga “Udaipur Lakes and Palaces, Handicrafts, Museum, Fountains. [Ahar (3 kms): Archaeological exca (22 kms) Temple.” Nathdwara (48 kms): Temples.)
Climate Summer: 45°-17°C Winter: 32″-7°C Monsoon: July to September Best Season C Festivals Desert Festival, Jaisalmer (February), Holi (March), Gangaur Fair, Jaipur (April). Teej (July Bandhan (August/September), Dussehra (October), Diwali and Pushkar Fair (October/November).

Tamil Nadu and Puducherry (U.T.)

TAMIL NADU: The land of the Tamils. Colourful, exuberant, friendly. Finding its ultimate expression in stone, in music, and in religion. Tamil Nadu, situated on the eastern coast at the southern tip of the Indian Peninsula, has a coastline of about 1000 km long. It is the home of Dravidian art and culture. The most famous temples are the Meenakshi Temple at Madurai, the Kapalishwarar and Parthasarathy temples at Chennai, and the Srirangam Temple in Tiruchchirappalli. The splendid festivals, the feast of Carnatic music and famous dance form – Bharat Natyam, the shimmering silk of Kanchipuram and the most delicious South Indian food lingers for long in the memory of the visitor. Other facets of Tamil Nadu are its wildlife and its hill resorts that dot the Nilgiris and the nearby range. It is also one of the country’s major industrial and agricultural states. Climate Temperature: 43°-18°C Monsoon: October to December Best Season November to Ma Festivals Pongal (January), Madurai Temple festival (March/April), Navaratri, Dussehra (October), Diwali (October/November). PUDUCHERRY: A French town in the Indian countryside, Puducherry possesses an atmosphere that is a pleasant
intermingling of two divergent thoughts. This union territory of Puducherry includes Puducherry proper and the enclaves of Karaikal and Yanam on the east and Mahe on the western coast. The French first established their foothold in Puduchcheri in 1673. French names and Indian tongues, policeman’s red kepis, French wine, and an exotic blend of Indian and French cuisine….. all go into the making of that little bit of difference that sets Puducherry apart. Climate Puducherry: 43°C 18°C, Mahe: 35°C 21°C, Yanam: 33°C 22°C. Monsoon October to December. Best Season: November to March. Festivals: Pongal, International Yoga Festival (January), Masi Magam (March), Mangani Festival (July), Bastille Day (14th July), Fete De Puducherry (15-17th August).

Places of Interest(* Towns with good accommodation)

Anaimalai: Wildlife Sanct. Auroville: International Utopian city, Aurobindo Ashram. Chidambaram : Temple,University. Coimbatore: Textile Center, Temple. Coonoor Hill station, Botanical Gardens. Gingee: Fort. Hogenakal Waterfalls. Kanchipuram is One of India’s seven sacred cities, Temples, and Handloom silks. Kanniyakumari: Cape Comorin-Land’s End, Temple, Beach, Rock Memorial, Sunrise, Sunset & Moonrise. [Padmanabhapuram (16 km): Palace, Museum, Temple.]* Karaikuddi: Exquisite Woodwork. Kodaikanal: Hill Resort, Observatory, Museum, Orchidarium, Lake, Kurinji flower (blooms once in 12 years). Kodikkarai: Point Calimere Wildlife Sanct. Kotagiri Hill station, Waterfalls. Kovilam Beach resort. Kuttalam Nine waterfalls, Temple. Chennai: Fort, Beach, Temples, Churches, Museums, Art Galleries, Memorials, Cultural Center, Planetarium, Port, Aquarium. [Cholamandal (20 kms): Artist’s colony. Pulicat (15 km): Backwaters, Bird-life, Beach. Thiruvanmiyur (12 kms): Dance, Music and Handloom academy – Kalakshetra.] Madurai: Sri Mamallapuram: Temple, Beach resort, Meenakshi Temple, Handlooms, Palaces, Handicrafts, Museum. Lighthouse. [Crocodile Farm (10 kms): Crocodile & Gharial breeding and study centre. Tirukkalukkunram (10 kms): Temple.] Mudumalai: Wildlife sanct. Mundanthurai: Tiger reserve. Palani: Temple. Pichavaram : Pudukottai: Palace, Museum, Temples. Rameswaram: Backwaters. Poompuhar: Excavations, Beach.One of the four most sacred Hindu pilgrim centers, Temple, Beach, one thousand pillared Mandapam. [Kurusadai (35 kms): Island Beach resort.] Salem Handloom centre. [Namakkal (50 kms): Temples.] Sivakasi: Printing &
Fireworks centre. Srivilliputtur Temple, Temple Car festival in August. Thanjavur Temples, Frescoes, Palaces, Churches, Museums, Handicrafts (also in Swamimalai and Nachiarkoil), Library, Cultural centre. [ Kumbakonam (30 kms): Major pilgrim centre, Handicrafts. Thiruvaiyaru (13 kms): Carnatic music centre.] Tiruchchendur: Hindu Pilgrim Centre. Tiruchirappalli Temple, Fort, Muslim and Christian antiquities, Museum.

Telangana

This newly formed 29th state of India comprises the ten north-western districts of the erstwhile state of Andhra Pradesh after its bifurcation on 2nd June 2014 under the Andhra Pradesh State Reorganisation Act 2014. The city of Hyderabad would serve as the joint capital of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for ten years. Telangana and the
language spoken in that region, ‘Telugu’, is thought to have been derived from trailing. According to a Hindu legend Shiva descended as linga on three mountains which marked the boundaries of this trilinga desh, the region of modern Telangana. The earliest mention of this region is to be found in the Aitareyabrahmana. It figured subsequently in t
Ramayana and Mahabharata and in the Puranas. Centuries ago, Telangana was a major Buddhist center and part of Emperor Ashoka’s sprawling kingdom. Not surprisingly, traces of early Buddhist influence are still visible in several places in and around the state. After emperor Ashoka, the Satavahanas established their kingdom in this region. During the 7th century, the Chalukyas held sway over the region until the 10th century, when the Cholas seized power In the 14th century, Muslim power reached this southern state and for centuries ruled over this princely state and finally was taken over by a General of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1713. The successors of the General known as Nizams, ruled the state till Indian Independence. It became “the region eminently suited for the fusion of the two cultures”.People of Telangana have a distinct style of their own in the fields of literature, music, dance, painting, and sculpture. Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau. The region is drained by two major rivers, Godavari and Krishna, but most of the land is arid. This historical state is a combination of age-old traditions of the Dravidian Hindus with the Muslim cultural heritage that came from western and central Asia, leaving their imprints on this land rich in natural resources. The state is rapidly transforming into a pulsating, modern, and dynamic industrial economy. Tradition and technology join hands with nature to provide the tourist with a rich and varied feast of the old and the new.

Places of Interest(Towns with good accommodation)

Alampur: Temples, Sculptures. Bhadrachalam: Temple.

Hyderabad: Charminar, Palaces, Mosques, Museums, Gardens, Zoo, Hussain Sagar lake, Planetarium, Ramoji Film City, Handicrafts, Perfumes, Pearls. [Golconda (11 km): Ruins of Fort. Secunderabad (8 km): Twin city of Hyderabad. Mahavir Harin Vanasthali (13 km): Deer Park. • Osman Sagar (13 km): Dam-site picnic spot. ] Gadwal: Fort, Chennakeshwaralayam temple.

Himayat Sagar (23 km): Lake. Jetaprolu: ancient Agasthyeswara Swamy temple, Madana Gopala Swamy temple.

Karimnagar: Temples, Forts, Handicrafts. [“Shivaram (80 km): Wildlife sanctuary.]

Kawal: Wildlife sanctuary. Keslapur: Nagoba temple.
Khammam: Fort, Temple [ Kinnerasani: Wildlife Sanctuary. Papi Hills Scenic Gorge is located on a section of the Godavari River. ]

Kollapur: Madhava Swamy temple.

Kuntala: Waterfall. Mahabubnagar Temples, Pillalamarri banyan tree, Museum, Zoo.

Mallelatheertham: Waterfall. Medak: Cathedral, Fort. [Pocharam Sanctuary (9 km): Wildlife, Water-birds] Nagarjuna Sagar: Dam-site holiday resort, Wildlife sanctuary [Nagarjunakonda (2 km): Buddhist ruins, Island Museum.] Nirmal: Handicrafts and paintings. * Nizam Sagar Dam-site holiday resort.

Pakhal: Lake, Wildlife Sanctuary.

Palampet: Temple, Lake. Papikondalu: Gorge. Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary. Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary. Somasila: 15 Shiva temples. Srirangapur Sri Ranganayakaswamy temple. Umamaheshwaram: Shiva temple. Warangal: Temples, Forts, Lakes, Carpets. [* Eturnagaram (55 km): Wildlife sanctuary.]

Yadagirigutta: Hindu pilgrim centre. Climate: Summer: 42°-28°C Winter: 30°-15°C Monsoon: June to September. Best Season: November to February. Festivals: Sankranti (January), Sammakka Saralamma Jatara (February), Ugadi (April), Bonalu (July/August), Vinayaka Chaturthi (August/September), Bathukamma.

Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand came into being on 9th November, 2000, after the amalgamation of the 13 north-western districts separated from the parent state of Uttar Pradesh. The land with a never ending history and unlimited legends is the holy land of Ganga, and Yamuna and the Chardhams – Badarinath, Haridwar, Kedarnath and Rishikesh. The Rishis (sages) of ages gone by, according to Padma Puran found this region of Uttarakhand as the most glorious temple of nature, abounding in invaluable spiritual treasures. The entire region is full of beauty and serenity. It has unobstructed view of more than 360 km long Himalayan panorama. The land has impulsive and charming places to visit like lakes, mountains, valleys, deep woods, pilgrim spots, and enough scope for winter sports. One not only can relax in this lake of nature but also feel blessed with kind of spiritual elevation by this divine land. As the legend goes, the five Pandava brothers (of the epic Mahabharata) traversed this territory on their way to the Heaven. The pristine beauty of the place would
make one believe that the Heaven might not be very far off.

Places of Interest (* Towns with good accommodation)

Almora: Hill station, nearby Temples and Ashrams, Trekking, Starting point for visits to Glaciers. [Jageshwar (34 kms): Ancient Temple complex. Badarinath: Hindu pilgrim centre, one of the four dhams (open May to October), Hot springs, Temples. Bageshwar Temples, Camp for Treks to Pindari, Kafni and Sundardhunga glaciers. [Kausani (50 kms): Scenic beauty, compared to Switzerland.] Bhimtal Lake. * Chakrata Hill station, Tribals, Holiday resort. Chamoli: Hill station [Auli: Ski Resort] Champawat: Old capital of Kumaon, Ancient architecture. Chaukhutia: View of Himalayas, Gardens, Food research centre. Corbett National Park: Variety of wildlife, Tiger Reserve. Dehra Dun: Hill resort, Forestry and Military training institutes, Rajaji National Park [Mussoorie: Major Hill resort, Kempty falls.] Deoprayag: Hindu pilgrim centre, Temples. Gangotri Temples, Hindu pilgrim centre. Haridwar One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, Temples, Ashrams. Hemkund: Lake, Temples, Sikh pilgrim centre. Joshimath: Hindu pilgrim centre, Temple, Tribals. [Govindghat (18 kms): Starting point for Hemkund and Valley of Flowers. Valley of Flowers (37 kms): National Park, 300 species of wild flowers, scenic beauty.] Karnaprayag: Hindu pilgrim centre, Temples. [Nandaprayag (12 kms) Temples. Another Switzerland of India, View of the snow peaks, Ashrams.]
Kedarnath: Hindu pilgrim centre in the mountains (May to October), Temples. Lohaghat: Hill station. Naini Tal : Major Hill resort, Gardens, Lakes. Pantnagar Agricultural University and Research centre. forests, view of himalayas. [Srinagar (30 kms): Cultural & Educational centre. Lansdowne (81 kms): Hill station. Kotdwar Pauri Educational Institutions, (108 kms): Rail terminus for Garhwal region, Temple.] Pithoragarh: Hill station – Miniature Kashmir, Temples. [Dharchula (96 kms): Wool market, Town enroute Kailash-Mansarovar. Munsyari (127 kms): Trek base to glaciers, skiing.] Ramgarh Orchards. [Mukteshwar (50 kms): Veterinary Research Institute] Ranikhet: Hill station. Rishikesh Hindu pilgrim centre, Ashrams, Temples, Medical Herb Farms and Research Centre. Uttarkashi: Temples, Mountaineering Institute, Hill
station. [Nachiketa Tal: Lake. Sat Tal: Seven Lakes. Har-Ki-Doon: Trekking, natural beauty.] Yamnotri: Hindu pilgrim centre, Hot springs, Temples, Source of the sacred river Yamuna.

Climate: Summer: 40°-10°C Winter: 22°-1°C Monsoon July to September Best Season: May to July and September to November. Festivals: Mahashivratri, International Yoga Week (February), Holi (March), Ganga Dussehra (June), Janmashtami (August), Dussehra (October), Diwali (October/November). Important Distances in Kilometre Dehra Dun to.

Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is the fifth largest and the most populous state in India. The state can be divided into two distinct regions: The southern hills and plateau with an altitude not exceeding 300 metres, and the vast Ganga plain, one of the largest alluvial plain in
the world. AMBALA NAMUNANAGAR KURUKSHETRA SAHARA Climate: Summer: 45°-21°C Winter: 32°-4°C Monsoon: June to September Best Season: October to March. Festivals: Mahashivratri, Magh Mela (January-February), Holi (March), Janmashtami, Raksha Bandhan (August), Navratri, Dussehra (October), Diwali (October/November). Uttar Pradesh has a very ancient and colourful history. The region finds mention in A the great epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. In the 6th century B.C., the state was
associated with two new religions, Jainism and Buddhism. Lord Mahavira breathed his last at Doora and it was Samath that Lord Buddha preached his first sermon. It is the land of great Sages like Bharadwaja, Vajnavalkya, Vasishta, Vishwamitra and Valmiki and the land GURGAON
of great scholars like Sri Shankaracharya. It is the land of cultural and architectural wonders and of the tales of the valour of its great warriors that are part of the history of a nation old before Buddha and Christ and Mohammed were born. No part of the country has
more to offer the visitor, be he interested in relaxation, culture or the awesome, exquisite beauty of the Taj Mahal. The medieval period passed under the muslim rule that led the way to a new synthesis of Hindu and Islamic cultures. The period gave us many intellectuals like Tulsidas, Birbal, Ramananda and his disciple Kabir. Later the state cameunder the British administration as the United Province of Agra and Oudh untill after independence it was renamed Uttar Pradesh in January, 1950.

Place Of Interest

Agra: City of the Taj, Palaces, Fort, Mausoleums, Gardens, Handicrafts. [Sikandra (10 kms): Akbar’s Mausoleum.] Aligarh Muslim University, Fort, Mosque, Lock manufacture. Allahabad: Where the Ganga, Yamuna and the invisible Saraswati meet at the sacred Sangam, Kumbh Mela held once in 12 years, Forts, Temples, Centre of Hindi literature, Muslim cultural centre, Libraries, Planetarium. Ayodhya: One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, Birthplace of Lord Rama, Temples. Bareilly Rail A 102 and Industrial centre, Mosque. Batesar: Temple, major Cattle Fair. Chandraprabha N KARAULI Sanctuary: Wildlife sanct. Chitrakoot: Hindu pilgrim centre. Chunar Fort, nearby pilgrim centre. Dudhwa National Park Variety of wildlife. Etawah: Cattle Fair. Faizabad: Muslim Monuments. Fatehpur Sikri: Ghost Town, ancient capital of
Akbar, Muslim pilgrim centre, Forts, Palaces, Mosques, Tombs. Garmuktesar: Retreat for meditating mystics and swamis, Pilgrim centre. Jaunpur: Indo-Saracenic Architecture. Jhansi Fort, a town associated with India’s Freedom Movement under. the leadership of the Rani Jhansi. Kannauj: Ancient Capital, Ruins, Centre of Indian essence industry. Kanpur: Industrial center, Temple, Gardens, Leather & Footwear manufacturing center. Kushinagar (Kasia) Buddhist pilgrim center, Ruins. Lucknow Muslim cultural centre, Gardens, Museum, Historic buildings and
Architecture, Mughal cuisines. * Mathura: One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, an Ancient city, Birth place of Lord Krishna, Temples, Mosques, Museums. [Saunkh (23 kms): Archaeological excavations. Vrindavan (10 km): The town of a thousand shrines, also associated with Lord Krishna, Ashrams.] Meerut Cantonment town. Mirzapur Handicrafts (carpets), Temples. Misrikh Ashram, Hindu pilgrim centre. Moradabad: Mosque, Metal handicrafts (Brassware). Nawabganj Bird sanctuary. * Rampur: Fort. Sravasti: Ruins of ancient Buddhist city and Stupas, Jain religious center. Varanasi: One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, Sacred river banks, Temples, Mosq.

West Bengal and Sikkim

WEST BENGAL covers the bottleneck of India in the east stretching from the Himalayas in the north to the Bay of In the 3rd century B.C. Bengal was part of the Mauryan Empire. Then it saw the rule of the Gupta dynasty, the Bengal in the south. The history of Bengal appears to have been celebrated from the epic (Mahabharata) period. Palas and the Senas who were driven out by Qutbuddin of the Delhi Empire. The Mughal empire breathed its last with the death of Aurangzeb. Sirajuddaula the last independent Muslim ruler of Bengal was defeated by the British
Caldia became independent in 1947 when Bengal was partitioned between India and Pakistan. India’s share was West The state has produced men and women whose ideas helped to shape modern India, spearheading social and religious movements, while some ushered in the area of literature and art. It has produced great freedom fighters and also gave us four Nobel Laureates. The state seldom sees a dull moment. Sheltered by searing Himalayan peaks and sun-drenched beaches the land also has the luxuriant tropical jungles and is home to the
royal Bengal tiger. Shantiniketan, the abode of peace, is a full-fledged university and attracts thousands of students from all over the world. There is everything to attract even the most discerning of tourists. And to top it all, there’s Kolkata, the fascinating, captivating, bewildering metropolis. Climate: Summer: 40°-24°C Winter: 26°-7°C Monsoon: June to August Best Season October to March Festivals Charak, Baisakhi (March/April)-Bengali New Year, Rabindra Jayanti (May), Rath Jatra (June/July), Durga Puja (October), Diwali (October/November) Paush Mela (December/January). mour SIKKIM: A Himalayan state, far from the eyes of the world, drifting through time, smoothly and leisurely. The surface of life here is quiet and undisturbed, the mountains and forests are caressed by the Teesta and Rungit rivers, and the people have soft feet and quiet voices. The air is crisp. Around Sikkim, the magnificent Himalayas dominate the landscape. Kanchenjunga (8579m), the world’s third-highest peak, rises from this area. Through the ranges, the winds whistle and sigh with an occasional howl and screech. In a sense, this is a vertical country with villages tucked on the slopes of high ridges. Sikkim boasts several hundred different kinds of orchids and is frequently referred to as a botanist’s paradise. Sikkim’s economy is agrarian. Climate: Summer: 21° C -13° C. Winter: 13° C -0° C. Monsoon: June to September. Best Season: March to May, October to December. Festivals: Losar – Tibetan New Year (February), SagaDawa (June), Drukpa Tseshi,
Pang Lhabsol (August), Dussehra (October), Losoong-Sikkimese New Year (November/December).(* Towns with good accommodation)

Places of Interest

Asansol: Industrial centre. Bakreshwar: Hot springs, Temples. Bishnupur: Temples, Fort, Terracotta work. * Kolkata: Haora bridge, Gardens, Museums, Temples, Churches, Mosques, Libraries, Cultural center, Planetarium, Fort, Monuments, Zoological Park, Memorials, Lakes. [Belur (11 km): Ramakrishna Mission Headquarters] * Chandannagar: French relics, Handlooms. Chunchura: Dutch relics. [Bandel (5 km): Portuguese relics,] Darjiling Major hill resort, Trekking, Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Gardens, Museum, Temples, Zoological Park, Tea Estate, Ropeway, Horse-racing. [Ghum (6 km): Buddhist monasteries. Mirik (49 km): Hillstation, Lake, Oranges, Temples. Siliguri (90 km): ‘Toy train’ to Darjiling, base to visit Bhutan and Nepal.] * Diamond Harbour: Riverine picnic spot, Fort. Digha Beach resort, nearby Temples. Kalimpong Hill station, Buddhist Monastery. Koch Bihar Palace, Temples. Karsiyang Hill station, Buddhist Monastery. Krishnanagar Palace, Clay handicrafts, Cuisine. Murshidabad Palaces, Mosques, Handloom silks. Navadwip Temples. Senchal: Wildlife sanctuary, view of Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga peaks, Golf, Lake. * Shanti Niketan: Tagore’s University of Fine Arts, Handloom textiles, Deer and Bird sanctuary. Sunderbans: Tiger Reserve, Swamp.

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